Role of the gut microbiota in airway immunity and host defense against respiratory infections

Maike Willers; Dorothee Viemann

doi:10.1515/hsz-2021-0281

Article

Role of the gut microbiota in airway immunity and host defense against respiratory infections

Maike Willers

Maike Willers completed her bachelor’s program at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. She received her M.Sc. degree at the Hannover Medical School, Germany and is currently PhD student of “Infection Biology/Dynamics of host-pathogen interactions – DEWIN” at the Center for Infection Biology (ZIB) of Hannover Medical School, Germany. In her doctoral studies she focuses on the postnatal maturation of the immune system with respect to susceptibility towards respiratory diseases.
and Dorothee Viemann

Dorothee Viemann received her MD at the University of Bochum, Germany. She is currently full professor of Translational Pediatrics at the University Hospital of Würzburg. Her work is centered on the postnatal maturation of the immune system and the mechanisms of immune adaptation. She has been member of the IZKF from 2001 to 2009.

Published/Copyright: October 4, 2021

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From the journal Biological Chemistry Volume 402 Issue 12

Abstract

Colonization of the intestine with commensal bacteria is known to play a major role in the maintenance of human health. An altered gut microbiome is associated with various ensuing diseases including respiratory diseases. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the impact of the gut microbiota on airway immunity with a focus on consequences for the host defense against respiratory infections. Specific gut commensal microbiota compositions and functions are depicted that mediate protection against respiratory infections with bacterial and viral pathogens. Lastly, we highlight factors that have imprinting effects on the establishment of the gut microbiota early in life and are potentially relevant in the context of respiratory infections. Deepening our understanding of these relationships will allow to exploit the knowledge on how gut microbiome maturation needs to be modulated to ensure lifelong enhanced resistance towards respiratory infections.

Keywords: early-life microbiota development; gut-lung axis; host resistance; respiratory antimicrobial immunity; virus infection

Corresponding author: Dorothee Viemann, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Translational Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Zinklesweg 10, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, E-mail: Viemann_D@ukw.de

This article is a contribution to the issue highlighting the 25th Anniversary of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster.

Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Award Identifier / Grant number: VI 538/6-3

Award Identifier / Grant number: VI 538/9-1

About the authors

Maike Willers

Maike Willers completed her bachelor’s program at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. She received her M.Sc. degree at the Hannover Medical School, Germany and is currently PhD student of “Infection Biology/Dynamics of host-pathogen interactions – DEWIN” at the Center for Infection Biology (ZIB) of Hannover Medical School, Germany. In her doctoral studies she focuses on the postnatal maturation of the immune system with respect to susceptibility towards respiratory diseases.

Dorothee Viemann

Dorothee Viemann received her MD at the University of Bochum, Germany. She is currently full professor of Translational Pediatrics at the University Hospital of Würzburg. Her work is centered on the postnatal maturation of the immune system and the mechanisms of immune adaptation. She has been member of the IZKF from 2001 to 2009.

Acknowledgments

Maike Willers was supported by the Hannover Biomedical Research School (HBRS) and the Center for Infection Biology (ZIB).

Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This work was supported by grants to D.V. from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (VI 538/6-3 and VI 538/9-1) and by the DFG under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2155 ‘RESIST’ – Project ID 39087428.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2021-06-02

Accepted: 2021-09-27

Published Online: 2021-10-04

Published in Print: 2021-11-25

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2021-0281

Keywords for this article

early-life microbiota development; gut-lung axis; host resistance; respiratory antimicrobial immunity; virus infection