High level expression of the Drosophila Toll receptor ectodomain and crystallization of its complex with the morphogen Spätzle

References

Anderson, K.V. and Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (1984). Information for the dorsal ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo is stored as maternal messenger-RNA. Nature 311, 223–227.10.1038/311223a0Suche in Google Scholar

Anderson, K.V., Bokla, L., and Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (1985a). Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo – the induction of polarity by the Toll gene-product. Cell 42, 791–798.10.1016/0092-8674(85)90275-2Suche in Google Scholar

Anderson, K.V., Jurgens, G., and Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (1985b). Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo – genetic-studies on the role of the Toll gene-product. Cell 42, 779–789.10.1016/0092-8674(85)90274-0Suche in Google Scholar

Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4 (1994). The CCP4 Suite – Programs for Protein Crystallography. Acta Cryst. D Biol. Cryst. 50, 760–763.Suche in Google Scholar

DeLotto, Y. and DeLotto, R. (1998). Proteolytic processing of the Drosophila Spatzle protein by easter generates a dimeric NGF-like molecule with ventralising activity. Mech. Dev. 72, 141–148.10.1016/S0925-4773(98)00024-0Suche in Google Scholar

Ellman, G.L. (1959). Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 82, 70–77.10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6Suche in Google Scholar

Gangloff, M., Murali, A., Xiong, J., Arnot, C.J., Weber, A.N., Sandercock, A.M., Robinson, C.V., Sarisky, R., Holzenburg, A., Kao, C., et al. (2008). Structural insight into the mechanism of activation of the Toll receptor by the dimeric ligand Spatzle. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 14629–14635.10.1074/jbc.M800112200Suche in Google Scholar

Gay, N.J. and Gangloff, M. (2007). Structure and function of Toll receptors and their ligands. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 76, 141–165.10.1146/annurev.biochem.76.060305.151318Suche in Google Scholar

Gay, N.J. and Keith, F.J. (1991). Drosophila Toll and Il-1 receptor. Nature 351, 355–356.10.1038/351355b0Suche in Google Scholar

Hashimoto, C., Hudson, K.L., and Anderson, K.V. (1988). The Toll gene of Drosophila, required for dorsal-ventral embryonic polarity, appears to encode a transmembrane protein. Cell 52, 269–279.10.1016/0092-8674(88)90516-8Suche in Google Scholar

Heras, B. and Martin, J.L. (2005). Post-crystallization treatments for improving diffraction quality of protein crystals. Acta Cryst. D Biol. Cryst. 61, 1173–1180.10.1107/S0907444905019451Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Hoffmann, A., Funkner, A., Neumann, P., Juhnke, S., Walther, M., Schierhorn, A., Weininger, U., Balbach, J., Reuter, G., and Stubbs, M.T. (2008a). Biophysical characterization of refolded Drosophila Spatzle, a cystine knot protein, reveals distinct properties of three isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 32598–32609.10.1074/jbc.M801815200Suche in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, A., Neumann, P., Schierhorn, A., and Stubbs, M.T. (2008b). Crystallization of Spatzle, a cystine-knot protein involved in embryonic development and innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. Acta Cryst. F. Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 64, 707–710.10.1107/S1744309108018812Suche in Google Scholar

Imler, J.L. and Hoffmann, J.A. (2001). Toll receptors in innate immunity. Trends Cell Biol. 11, 304–311.10.1016/S0962-8924(01)02004-9Suche in Google Scholar

Jang, I.H., Chosa, N., Kim, S.H., Nam, H.J., Lemaitre, B., Ochiai, M., Kambris, Z., Brun, S., Hashimoto, C., Ashida, M., et al. (2006). A spatzle-processing enzyme required for toll signaling activation in Drosophila innate immunity. Dev. Cell 10, 45–55.10.1016/j.devcel.2005.11.013Suche in Google Scholar

Jin, M.S., Kim, S.E., Heo, J.Y., Lee, M.E., Kim, H.M., Paik, S.G., Lee, H.Y., and Lee, J.O. (2007). Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide. Cell 130, 1071–1082.10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.008Suche in Google Scholar

Kobe, B. and Deisenhofer, J. (1994). The leucine-rich repeat: a versatile binding motif. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19, 415–421.10.1016/0968-0004(94)90090-6Suche in Google Scholar

Laemmli, U.K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–685.10.1038/227680a0Suche in Google Scholar

Lemaitre, B., Nicolas, E., Michaut, L., Reichhart, J.M., and Hoffmann, J.A. (1996). The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell 86, 973–983.10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80172-5Suche in Google Scholar

Liu, L., Botos, I., Wang, Y., Leonard, J.N., Shiloach, J., Segal, D.M., and Davies, D.R. (2008). Structural basis of toll-like receptor 3 signaling with double-stranded RNA. Science 320, 379–381.10.1126/science.1155406Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., and Janeway, C.A., Jr. (1997). A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388, 394–397.10.1038/41131Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Mizuguchi, K., Parker, J.S., Blundell, T.L., and Gay, N.J. (1998). Getting knotted: a model for the structure and activation of Spatzle. Trends Biochem. Sci. 23, 239–242.10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01216-XSuche in Google Scholar

Park, B.S., Song, D.H., Kim, H.M., Choi, B.S., Lee, H., and Lee, J.O. (2009). The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex. Nature 458, 1191–U130.10.1038/nature07830Suche in Google Scholar

Petersen, T.N., Brunak, S., von Heijne, G., and Nielsen, H. (2011). SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions. Nat. Methods 8, 785–786.10.1038/nmeth.1701Suche in Google Scholar

Poltorak, A., He, X., Smirnova, I., Liu, M.Y., Van, H.C., Du, X., Birdwell, D., Alejos, E., Silva, M., Galanos, C., Freudenberg, M., et al. (1998). Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 282, 2085–2088.10.1126/science.282.5396.2085Suche in Google Scholar

Riddles, P.W., Blakeley, R.L., and Zerner, B. (1983). Reassessment of Ellman reagent. Methods Enzymol. 91, 49–60.10.1016/S0076-6879(83)91010-8Suche in Google Scholar

Schneider, D.S., Hudson, K.L., Lin, T.Y., and Anderson, K.V. (1991). Dominant and recessive mutations define functional domains of Toll, a transmembrane protein required for dorsal ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Genes Dev. 5, 797–807.10.1101/gad.5.5.797Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Tauszig, S., Jouanguy, E., Hoffmann, J.A., and Imler, J.L. (2000). Toll-related receptors and the control of antimicrobial peptide expression in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 10520–10525.10.1073/pnas.180130797Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Weber, A.N., Tauszig-Delamasure, S., Hoffmann, J.A., Lelievre, E., Gascan, H., Ray, K.P., Morse, M.A., Imler, J.L., and Gay, N.J. (2003). Binding of the Drosophila cytokine Spatzle to Toll is direct and establishes signaling. Nat. Immunol. 4, 794–800.10.1038/ni955Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Weber, A.N., Moncrieffe, M.C., Gangloff, M., Imler, J.L., and Gay, N.J. (2005). Ligand-receptor and receptor-receptor interactions act in concert to activate signaling in the Drosophila toll pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 22793–22799.10.1074/jbc.M502074200Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Winn, M.D., Ballard, C.C., Cowtan, K.D., Dodson, E.J., Emsley, P., Evans, P.R., Keegan, R.M., Krissinel, E.B., Leslie, A.G.W., Mccoy, et al. (2011). Overview of the CCP4 suite and current developments. Acta Cryst. D Biol. Cryst. 67, 235–242.10.1107/S0907444910045749Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central