Differences in the viscoelastic properties between earlywood and latewood in the growth rings of Chinese fir as analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in the temperature range between −120°C and 120°C
-
Anxin Li
and
Jianxiong Lu
Abstract
To clarify the viscoelasticity of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) within different growth rings of Chinese fir, the following data were determined: absolute dry density, percentage of tracheid cell wall, microfibril angle (MFA), modulus of elasticity (MOE), storage modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E″) within the 3rd and 6th growth rings (in heartwood, hW) and the 14th and 18th growth rings (in sapwood, sW). The E′ and E″ data were obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) between −120°C and 120°C, at a heating rate of 1°C min−1 at the frequencies of 1, 2, 5 and 10 Hz under a dynamic load amplitude of 10 μm. All measured data were different between EW and LW. In the same growth ring, LW had a greater MOE and larger E′ than those of EW due to the higher density of LW. The MOE and E′ increased for both EW and LW with increasing tree age. The variation of MFA in different growth rings of EW influenced the MOE and E′. Both density and the MFA affected the MOE and E′ in LW. The profiles of E″ plots vs. DMA temperature reveal two maxima around −12°C (β mechanical relaxation process, βMRP) and 12°C (αMRP). The LW-MRP maxima are higher than those of EW, but in both cases increased with tree age. No frequency dependence was seen for the αMRP, whereas the loss peak temperature (LPT) of the βMRP increased with increasing frequency of DMA. Almost no difference in αLPT was observed between the four EW growth rings, and their βLPTs were similar. The LW-αLPT was almost the same in the four growth rings, but the hW-βLPT was higher than that of sW. In addition, the apparent activation energy (ΔH) of the hW-βMRP was greater than that of sW in both EW and LW, and the EW data>LW data in individual growth rings. These differences can be explained tentatively that hW and EW contain more extractives than sW and LW, and the deposited of extractives limit the motion of molecular segments within the cell walls.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: The Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAFYBB2017QB005) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Funder Id: 10.13039/501100001809, Grant No. 31570548) financially supported this research.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorials
- Editorial changes at Holzforschung
- Goodbye to Holzforschung
- Thanks to Oskar Faix
- Original Articles
- Orthotropic mechano-sorptive creep behavior of Chinese fir during the moisture adsorption process determined in tensile mode via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
- Differences in the viscoelastic properties between earlywood and latewood in the growth rings of Chinese fir as analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in the temperature range between −120°C and 120°C
- Failure conditions of solid wood on off-axis compression testing
- Effect of knots and holes on the modulus of elasticity prediction and mapping of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) veneer using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI)
- Quantification of slip planes in the stem wood of Eucalyptus grandis
- DNA barcoding authentication for the wood of eight endangered Dalbergia timber species using machine learning approaches
- Chemical analysis and antioxidant activities of bark extracts from four endemic species of Hyrcanian forests in Iran
- Isolation of natural flavoring compounds from cooperage woods by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from lauan (Shorea ssp.) plyboard prepared with kraft lignin, soy flour, gluten meal and tannin: emissions during hot pressing and from panels as a function of time
- Plasma treatment of plastic film or decorative veneer and its effects on the peel strength and curling deformation of plastic film-reinforced pliable decorative sliced veneer (PR-RP-DSV)
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorials
- Editorial changes at Holzforschung
- Goodbye to Holzforschung
- Thanks to Oskar Faix
- Original Articles
- Orthotropic mechano-sorptive creep behavior of Chinese fir during the moisture adsorption process determined in tensile mode via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
- Differences in the viscoelastic properties between earlywood and latewood in the growth rings of Chinese fir as analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in the temperature range between −120°C and 120°C
- Failure conditions of solid wood on off-axis compression testing
- Effect of knots and holes on the modulus of elasticity prediction and mapping of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) veneer using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI)
- Quantification of slip planes in the stem wood of Eucalyptus grandis
- DNA barcoding authentication for the wood of eight endangered Dalbergia timber species using machine learning approaches
- Chemical analysis and antioxidant activities of bark extracts from four endemic species of Hyrcanian forests in Iran
- Isolation of natural flavoring compounds from cooperage woods by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from lauan (Shorea ssp.) plyboard prepared with kraft lignin, soy flour, gluten meal and tannin: emissions during hot pressing and from panels as a function of time
- Plasma treatment of plastic film or decorative veneer and its effects on the peel strength and curling deformation of plastic film-reinforced pliable decorative sliced veneer (PR-RP-DSV)
