Design of a MIMO implantable antenna with ultra-miniaturized volume and reduced SAR
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Moumita Bose
,
Ajit Prasad Singh
Abstract
This paper presents an ultra-miniaturized skin implantable Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna for biotelemetry in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.48 GHz). The two-element configuration exhibits a compact planar volume of 4.5 × 6.2 × 0.25 mm³, with an edge-to-edge distance of 0.8 mm and a 75.85 % size reduction. Fabricated on a 0.25 mm thick Roger 10.2LM high permittivity substrate, the antenna achieves a Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) of 9.27 % and a realized gain of −28.2 dBi, with over 24.3 dB isolation across the entire band. Experimental results in multilayer animal tissue aligned well with simulations. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis at 1 W input power showed values of 848 W/kg (1-g) and 88.46 W/kg (10-g), yielding allowable input powers of 3.77 mW and 45.2 mW, respectively, adhering to international safety guidelines. The 2 × 2 element antenna demonstrated efficient communication over 7 m with a data rate of 78 Mbps/s. Multiple Input Multiple Output channel analysis revealed a Channel Capacity of 10.8 bps/Hz at a 20 dB SNR, nearly double that of an ideal Single Input Single Output system, making it suitable for high data rate skin-implantable applications.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT Silchar for the support in the research process.
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Research ethics: Our research aimed to design an ultra-miniaturized Implantable MIMO antenna which can be used for Biomedical application. It’s performance was tested in commercially available Pork meat as in our literature survey we find that electrical property of Pork tissue is similar to human tissue. We didn’t used any human tissue in our research, so don’t have any legal agreement.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest among the authors related to this research.
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Research funding: We didn’t have any funding for this research work.
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Data availability: All the data are available in the manuscript.
References
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© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Reconfigurable frequency selective surface based absorber realized using interlocking blocks
- Dual band beam steering antenna using branch line coupler network for higher band applications
- High-efficiency quad-band RF energy harvesting system with improved cross-coupled differential-drive rectifier
- A novel miniaturized microstrip filtering power divider with high selectivity based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) concept
- High-selectivity wideband bandpass filter based on quintuple-mode stub-loaded resonator and defected ground structures
- Design of a high selective triple band integrated reconfigurable filtering antenna for wideband and narrowband applications
- A novel ultra-wideband end-fire antenna based on spoof surface plasma polaritons
- Metamaterial-based transmit and receive antennas for wireless image transfer at 5.8 GHz
- Design of a MIMO implantable antenna with ultra-miniaturized volume and reduced SAR
- ANN modeling for predicting muscle-implanted antenna performance for skin and fat thickness variations at 2.45 GHz
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Reconfigurable frequency selective surface based absorber realized using interlocking blocks
- Dual band beam steering antenna using branch line coupler network for higher band applications
- High-efficiency quad-band RF energy harvesting system with improved cross-coupled differential-drive rectifier
- A novel miniaturized microstrip filtering power divider with high selectivity based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) concept
- High-selectivity wideband bandpass filter based on quintuple-mode stub-loaded resonator and defected ground structures
- Design of a high selective triple band integrated reconfigurable filtering antenna for wideband and narrowband applications
- A novel ultra-wideband end-fire antenna based on spoof surface plasma polaritons
- Metamaterial-based transmit and receive antennas for wireless image transfer at 5.8 GHz
- Design of a MIMO implantable antenna with ultra-miniaturized volume and reduced SAR
- ANN modeling for predicting muscle-implanted antenna performance for skin and fat thickness variations at 2.45 GHz
