ANN modeling for predicting muscle-implanted antenna performance for skin and fat thickness variations at 2.45 GHz
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Soham Ghosh
und
Bhaskar Gupta
Abstract
Implantable antenna is embedded in implantable medical devices to communicate with external world for continuous patient monitoring. The implantable antenna performance may vary with patients due to their different skin and fat thickness owing to their environment, location and concentration of collagen in skin, estrogen and testosterone concentration, age, diseases like obesity, Gottron syndrome etc. Estimation of IMA performance requires a proper description of its dependence on variable skin and fat thickness which is not studied extensively in previous related works. In this article, we have designed a muscle-implanted antenna at 2.45 GHz to examine its performance dependence on variable skin and fat thickness values. In this study, we have designed an artificial neural network (ANN) for prediction of antenna performance parameters at 2.45 GHz for wide range of skin and fat thickness variations. The designed ANN model can predict antenna performance with ∼0.99 % error. Here, accurate dependence analysis of radiation performance of implantable antenna in terms of S 11, realized gain, bandwidth and operating frequency on skin and fat thickness variations is performed which has not been studied yet and use of ANN in this field for accurate prediction is also a novel approach.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Kaushik Patra, Dr. Ardhendu Kundu, Dr. Joydeep Pal and Dr. Sayan Sarkar for their support and suggestions throughout this work.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: In previous works, gain of the implanted antenna was primary focus; however, dependence of resonant frequency, bandwidth and S 11 are also important to analyze. We have analyzed all these four parameters in this manuscript. The performance prediction of any muscle implanted antenna due to variable skin and fat thickness values by ANN has not been explored previously to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, it can be concluded that this work has novelty in terms of performance analyses of implantable antenna due to skin and fat thickness variations over previous works. ANN modeling for predicting implantable antenna performance within variable environment is also a novel approach as per our study. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Reconfigurable frequency selective surface based absorber realized using interlocking blocks
- Dual band beam steering antenna using branch line coupler network for higher band applications
- High-efficiency quad-band RF energy harvesting system with improved cross-coupled differential-drive rectifier
- A novel miniaturized microstrip filtering power divider with high selectivity based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) concept
- High-selectivity wideband bandpass filter based on quintuple-mode stub-loaded resonator and defected ground structures
- Design of a high selective triple band integrated reconfigurable filtering antenna for wideband and narrowband applications
- A novel ultra-wideband end-fire antenna based on spoof surface plasma polaritons
- Metamaterial-based transmit and receive antennas for wireless image transfer at 5.8 GHz
- Design of a MIMO implantable antenna with ultra-miniaturized volume and reduced SAR
- ANN modeling for predicting muscle-implanted antenna performance for skin and fat thickness variations at 2.45 GHz
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Reconfigurable frequency selective surface based absorber realized using interlocking blocks
- Dual band beam steering antenna using branch line coupler network for higher band applications
- High-efficiency quad-band RF energy harvesting system with improved cross-coupled differential-drive rectifier
- A novel miniaturized microstrip filtering power divider with high selectivity based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) concept
- High-selectivity wideband bandpass filter based on quintuple-mode stub-loaded resonator and defected ground structures
- Design of a high selective triple band integrated reconfigurable filtering antenna for wideband and narrowband applications
- A novel ultra-wideband end-fire antenna based on spoof surface plasma polaritons
- Metamaterial-based transmit and receive antennas for wireless image transfer at 5.8 GHz
- Design of a MIMO implantable antenna with ultra-miniaturized volume and reduced SAR
- ANN modeling for predicting muscle-implanted antenna performance for skin and fat thickness variations at 2.45 GHz
