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Virgin coconut oil abrogates depression-associated cognitive deficits by modulating hippocampal antioxidant balance, GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors in mice

  • Edem Ekpenyong Edem ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Blessing Eghosa Ihaza , Adedamola Adediran Fafure , Azeez Olakunle Ishola , Kate Eberechukwu Nebo , Linus Anderson Enye and Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
Published/Copyright: December 9, 2021
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Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy
From the journal Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy Volume 37 Issue 2

Abstract

Objectives

GABA and glutamate neurotransmission play critical roles in both the neurobiology of depression and cognition; and Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is reported to support brain health. The present study investigated the effect of VCO on depression-associated cognitive deficits in mice.

Methods

Thirty male mice divided into five groups were either exposed to chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) protocol for 28 days or pre-treated with 3 mL/kg b. wt. of VCO for 21 days or post-treated with 3 mL/kg b. wt. of VCO for 21 days following 28 days of CUMS exposure. Mice were subjected to behavioural assessments for depressive-like behaviours and short-term memory, and thereafter euthanised. Hippocampal tissue was dissected from the harvested whole brain for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations.

Results

Our results showed that CUMS exposure produced depressive-like behaviours, cognitive deficits and altered hippocampal redox balance. However, treatment with VCO abrogated depression-associated cognitive impairment, and enhanced hippocampal antioxidant concentration. Furthermore, immunohistochemical evaluation revealed significant improvement in GABAA and mGluR1a immunoreactivity following treatment with VCO in the depressed mice.

Conclusions

Therefore, findings from this study support the dietary application of VCO to enhance neural resilience in patients with depression and related disorders.

Keywords: cognitive deficits; depression; hippocampal GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission; hippocampal oxidative stress; virgin coconut oil
Corresponding author: Edem Ekpenyong Edem, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, Phone: +234 7037402143, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge and appreciate Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, for providing an enabling environment to carry out this research.

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: EEE conceived and designed the study, provided research materials, and supervised the study; BEI conducted research, provided research materials, collected and organized data; AAF and AOI analysed and interpreted data; KEN conducted research and collected and organized data. LAE and ETA shared the experimental work, collected data and helped in drafting the article. All authors have critically reviewed and approved the final draft and are responsible for the content and similarity index of the manuscript. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: Every protocol and procedure reported in this study were duly approved by the Research Committee on Animal Use and Experimentation of Afe Babalola University, Nigeria, and in line with the National Institute of Health Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals [21]. The College Research Ethics Committee of Afe Babalola University approved this study with protocol number AB/EC/19/02/10.

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Received: 2021-04-07
Accepted: 2021-08-31
Published Online: 2021-12-09

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  2. Reviews
  3. Potentials of autophagy enhancing natural products in the treatment of Parkinson disease
  4. Genetic polymorphisms of reproductive hormones and their receptors in assisted reproduction technology for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
  5. Minireview
  6. Influence of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms on disorders in transplant patients: a systematic review
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  8. Modifying effects of TNF-α, IL-6 and VDR genes on the development risk and the course of COVID-19. Pilot study
  9. Prevalence of ABCB1 3435C>T polymorphism in the Cuban population
  10. The association of cytochrome 7A1 and ATP-binding cassette G8 genotypes with type 2 diabetes among Jordanian patients
  11. CYP2C19*2 genetic polymorphism and incidence of in-stent restenosis in patients on clopidogrel: a matched case-control study
  12. Study of the pharmacokinetics of various drugs under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia and the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions
  13. Virgin coconut oil abrogates depression-associated cognitive deficits by modulating hippocampal antioxidant balance, GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors in mice
  14. Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) downregulates expression of immediate early genes in kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in mice
  15. Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents
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https://doi.org/10.1515/dmpt-2021-0126
Keywords for this article
cognitive deficits; depression; hippocampal GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission; hippocampal oxidative stress; virgin coconut oil

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Potentials of autophagy enhancing natural products in the treatment of Parkinson disease
  4. Genetic polymorphisms of reproductive hormones and their receptors in assisted reproduction technology for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
  5. Minireview
  6. Influence of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms on disorders in transplant patients: a systematic review
  7. Original Articles
  8. Modifying effects of TNF-α, IL-6 and VDR genes on the development risk and the course of COVID-19. Pilot study
  9. Prevalence of ABCB1 3435C>T polymorphism in the Cuban population
  10. The association of cytochrome 7A1 and ATP-binding cassette G8 genotypes with type 2 diabetes among Jordanian patients
  11. CYP2C19*2 genetic polymorphism and incidence of in-stent restenosis in patients on clopidogrel: a matched case-control study
  12. Study of the pharmacokinetics of various drugs under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia and the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions
  13. Virgin coconut oil abrogates depression-associated cognitive deficits by modulating hippocampal antioxidant balance, GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors in mice
  14. Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) downregulates expression of immediate early genes in kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in mice
  15. Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents
  16. Short Communication
  17. Comparison of different autoanalyzers for the determination of lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in mouse blood
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