Effect of influent nitrogen concentration on feasibility of short-cut nitrification during wastewater treatment in activated sludge systems
-
Pavel Svehla
,
Lukas Pacek
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of free ammonia and free nitrous acid on nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB) was studied in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with a suspended microbial culture. The reactor was operated at 15°C, with a dissolved oxygen concentration in excess of 5 mg L−1 and a nitrogen-loading rate of 0.2 kg m−3 d−1. Diluted reject water with varying total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations was used as influent. N-NO−2 represented more than 90 % of all of the oxidised nitrogen, with influent TAN concentrations of 600 mg L−1, 300 mg L−1 and 150 mg L−1, respectively. With a TAN concentration of 75 mg L−1, a gradual increase in N-NO−3 concentration was detected, indicating the threshold value enabling short-cut nitrification (SN) to be between 150 mg L−1 and 75 mg L−1 under the pertaining conditions. Next, the influent concentration of TAN was gradually increased from 75 mg L−1 to 1000 mg L−1 but the nitrite accumulation was not restored. This indicates that once NOB are established in the suspended microbial culture, even high TAN concentrations are not sufficient for NOB inhibition.
References
Abeling, U., & Seyfried, C. F. (1992). Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of high strength ammonium wastewater - nitrogen removal via nitrite. Water Science & Technology, 26, 1007-1015.10.2166/wst.1992.0542Search in Google Scholar
Anthonisen, A. C., Loehr, R. C., Prakasam, T. B. S., & Srinath, E. G. (1976). Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 48, 835-852.Search in Google Scholar
American Public Health Association (1995). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (19th ed.). Washington, DC, USA: American Public Health Association.Search in Google Scholar
Bournazou, M. N. C., Hooshiar, K., Arellano-Garcia, H., Wozny, G., & Lyberatos, G. (2013). Model based optimization of the intermittent aeration profile for SBRs under partial nitrification. Water Research, 47, 3399-3410. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.044.10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.044Search in Google Scholar
Buday, J., Drtil, M., Hutňan, M., & Derco, J. (1999). Substrate and product inhibition of nitrification. Chemical Papers, 53, 379-383.Search in Google Scholar
Daims, H., Lücker, S., & Wagner, M. (2006). Daime, a novel image analysis program for microbial ecology and biofilm research. Environmental Microbiology, 8, 200-213. DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00880.x.10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00880.xSearch in Google Scholar
Fux, C., Boehler, M., Huber, P., Brunner, I., & Siegrist, H. (2002). Biological treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater by partial nitritation and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in a pilot plant. Journal of Biotechnology, 99, 295-306. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00220-1.10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00220-1Search in Google Scholar
Ganigue, R., Gabarro, J., Sanchez-Melsio, A., Ruscalleda, M., Lopez, H., Vila, X., Colprim, J., & Balaguer, M. D. (2009). Long-term operation of a partial nitritation pilot plant treating leachate with extremely high ammonium concentration prior to an anammox process. Bioresource Technology, 100, 5624-5632. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.023.10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.023Search in Google Scholar
Ge, S. J., Peng, Y. Z., Qiu, S., Zhu, A., & Ren, N. Q. (2014). Complete nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via partial nitrification by appropriately alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions plug-flow step feed process. Water Research, 55, 95-105. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.058.10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.058Search in Google Scholar
Guo, J. H., Peng, Y. Z., Wang, S. Y., Zheng, Y. N., Huang, H. J., & Ge, S. J. (2009). Effective and robust partial nitrification to nitrite by real-time aeration duration control in an SBR treating domestic wastewater. Process Biochemistry, 44, 979-985. DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.022.10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.022Search in Google Scholar
Hellinga, C., Schellen, A. A. J. C., Mulder, J. W., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., & Heijnen, J. J. (1998). The sharon process: An inovative method for nitrogen removal from ammoniumrich waste water. Water Science and Technology, 37, 135-142. DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1223(98)00281-9.10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00281-9Search in Google Scholar
Hendrickx, T. L. G., Wang, Y., Kampman, C., Zeeman, G., Temmink, H., & Buisman, C. J. N. (2012). Autotrophic nitrogen removal from low strength waste water at low temperature. Water Research, 46, 2187-2193. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.037.10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.037Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Jenicek, P., Svehla, P., Zabranska, J., & Dohanyos, M. (2004). Factors affecting nitrogen removal by nitritation/denitritation. Water Science and Technology, 49(5-6), 73-79.10.2166/wst.2004.0739Search in Google Scholar
Kouba, V., Catrysse, M., Stryjova, H., Jonatova, I., Volcke, E. I. P., Svehla, P., & Bartacek, J. (2014). The impact of influent total ammonium nitrogen concentration on nitrite oxidizing bacteria inhibition in moving bed biofilm reactor. Water Science and Technology, 69, 1227-1233. DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.757.10.2166/wst.2013.757Search in Google Scholar
Lackner, S., Gilbert, E. M., Vlaeminck, S. E., Joss, A., Horn, H., & van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2014). Full-scale partial nitritation/ anammox experiences - An application survey. Water Research, 55, 292-303. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.032.10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.032Search in Google Scholar
Li, H. S., Zhou, S. Q., Huang, G. T., & Xu, B. (2013). Partial nitritation of landfill leachate with varying influent composition under intermittent aeration conditions. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 91, 285-294. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2012.05.009.10.1016/j.psep.2012.05.009Search in Google Scholar
Li, H. S., Zhou, S. Q., Huang, G. T., & Xu, B. (2014). Achieving stable partial nitritation using endpoint pH control in an SBR treating landfill leachate. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 92, 199-205. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2013.01. 005.Search in Google Scholar
Pacek, L., Svehla, P., Bartacek, J., Radechovsky, J., Hrncirova, H., Shejbalova, S, Balik, J., & Jenicek, P. (2014). Direct and indirect effects of oxygen limitation on nitrification process applied to reject water treatment. Desalination and Water Treatment. DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2014.950336. (in press)10.1080/19443994.2014.950336Search in Google Scholar
Park, S. J., & Bae, W. K. (2009). Modelling kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite oxidation under simultaneous inhibition by free ammonia and free nitrous acid. Process Biochemistry, 44, 631-640. DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.02.002.10.1016/j.procbio.2009.02.002Search in Google Scholar
Ruiz, G., Jeison, D., & Chamy, R. (2003). Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration. Water Research, 37, 1371-1377. DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00475-x.10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00475-XSearch in Google Scholar
Sun, H. W., Bai, Y., Peng, Y. Z., Xie, H. G., & Shi, X. N. (2013). Achieving nitrogen removal via nitrite pathway from urban landfill leachate using the synergetic inhibition of free ammonia and free nitrous acid on nitrifying bacteria activity. Water Science and Technology, 68, 2035-2041. DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.342.10.2166/wst.2013.342Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Svehla, P., Bartacek, J., Pacek, L., Hrncirova, H., Radechovsky, J., Hanc, A., & Jenicek, P. (2014). Inhibition effect of free ammonia and free nitrous acid on nitrite-oxidising bacteria during sludge liquor treatment: influence of feeding strategy. Chemical Papers, 68, 871-878. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-014-0538-6.10.2478/s11696-014-0538-6Search in Google Scholar
Turk, O., & Mavinic, D. S. (1989). Stability of nitrite build-up in an activated sludge system. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 61, 1440-1448.Search in Google Scholar
Vadivelu, V. M., Yuan, Z. G., Fux, C., & Keller, J. (2006). The inhibitory effects of free nitrous acid on the energy generation and growth processes of an enriched Nitrobacter culture. Environmental Science & Technology, 40, 4442-4448. DOI: 10.1021/es051694k.10.1021/es051694kSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Vadivelu, V. M., Keller, J., & Yuan, Z. G. (2007). Effect of free ammonia on respiration and growth process of an enriched Nitrobacter culture. Water Research, 41, 826-834. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.11.030.10.1016/j.watres.2006.11.030Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Van Dongen, U., Jetten, M. S. M., & van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2001). The SHARON®-Anammox® process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater. Water Science and Technology, 44(1), 153-160.10.2166/wst.2001.0037Search in Google Scholar
Van Kempen, R., Mulder, J. W., Uijterlinde, C. A., & van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2001). Overview: full scale experience of the SHARON_ process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering. Water Science and Technology, 44(1), 145-152.10.2166/wst.2001.0035Search in Google Scholar
Wang, R. C., Terada, A., Lackner, S., Smets, B. F., Henze, M., Xia, S. Q., & Zhao, J. F. (2009). Nitritation performance and biofilm development of co- and counter-diffusion biofilm reactors: Modeling and experimental comparison. Water Research, 43, 2699-2709. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.017.10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.017Search in Google Scholar
Wei, D., Xue, X. D., Yan, L. G., Sun, M., Zhang, G., Shi, L., & Du, B. (2014). Effect of influent ammonium concentration on the shift of full nitritation to partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor at ambient temperature. Chemical Engineering Journal, 235, 19-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.005.10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.005Search in Google Scholar
Zekker, I., Rikmann, E., Tenno, T.,Menert, A., Lemmiksoo, V., Saluste, A., Tenno, T., & Tomingas, M. (2011). Modification of nitrifying biofilm into nitritating one by combination of increased free ammonia concentrations, lowered HRT and dissolved oxygen concentration. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23, 1113-1121. DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60523-2.10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60523-2Search in Google Scholar
Zhou, Y., Oehmen, A., Lim, M., Vadivelu, V., & Ng, W. J. (2011). The role of nitrite and free nitrous acid (FNA) in wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 45, 4672-4682. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.025. 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.025Search in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2015 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Voltammetric determination of B1 and B6 vitamins using a pencil graphite electrode
- An electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of nitrites based on Ag–Fe3O4–graphene oxide magnetic nanocomposites
- Effect of influent nitrogen concentration on feasibility of short-cut nitrification during wastewater treatment in activated sludge systems
- Assessment of Urtica as a low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal: kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies
- Electrode and electrodeless impedance measurement for determination of orange juices parameters
- Evaluation of oxidative stability of vegetable oils enriched with herb extracts by EPR spectroscopy
- Electrosynthesis of poly(p-phenylene) and poly(p-phenylene/pyrrole) films under controlled humidity
- Synthesis, characterisation, and electrical properties of novel nanostructured conducting poly(aniline-co-m-chloroaniline) with incorporated silver particles
- Heterocyclisation of substituted ylidenethiocarbonohydrazides using dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate
- Newly synthesized indolizine derivatives – antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties
- Synthesis and insecticidal activity of anthranilic diamides with hydrazone substructure
- Effect of alkylated diphenylamine on thermal-oxidative degradation behavior of poly-α-olefin
- Novel pathways of interaction of maleic anhydride derivatives with phosphorus(III) compounds: synthesis and characterisation of N,N,N′,N′ -tetraethyl-2,3-diphenylbut-2-enediamide and 3-dihydrofuranylidene-4-phosphorylidene–oxolane-2,5,5′-trione
- Efficient method for the synthesis of polysubstituted 2,6-dicyanoanilines by one-pot three-component tandem reaction of malononitrile with α,β-unsaturated imines
Articles in the same Issue
- Voltammetric determination of B1 and B6 vitamins using a pencil graphite electrode
- An electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of nitrites based on Ag–Fe3O4–graphene oxide magnetic nanocomposites
- Effect of influent nitrogen concentration on feasibility of short-cut nitrification during wastewater treatment in activated sludge systems
- Assessment of Urtica as a low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal: kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies
- Electrode and electrodeless impedance measurement for determination of orange juices parameters
- Evaluation of oxidative stability of vegetable oils enriched with herb extracts by EPR spectroscopy
- Electrosynthesis of poly(p-phenylene) and poly(p-phenylene/pyrrole) films under controlled humidity
- Synthesis, characterisation, and electrical properties of novel nanostructured conducting poly(aniline-co-m-chloroaniline) with incorporated silver particles
- Heterocyclisation of substituted ylidenethiocarbonohydrazides using dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate
- Newly synthesized indolizine derivatives – antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties
- Synthesis and insecticidal activity of anthranilic diamides with hydrazone substructure
- Effect of alkylated diphenylamine on thermal-oxidative degradation behavior of poly-α-olefin
- Novel pathways of interaction of maleic anhydride derivatives with phosphorus(III) compounds: synthesis and characterisation of N,N,N′,N′ -tetraethyl-2,3-diphenylbut-2-enediamide and 3-dihydrofuranylidene-4-phosphorylidene–oxolane-2,5,5′-trione
- Efficient method for the synthesis of polysubstituted 2,6-dicyanoanilines by one-pot three-component tandem reaction of malononitrile with α,β-unsaturated imines
