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Pleural effusion as a sample matrix for laboratory analyses in cancer management: a perspective

  • Martina Spisarová , Hana Študentová , Kateřina Holá and Bohuslav Melichar EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 3, 2025
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 63 Issue 6

Abstract

Malignant effusions, pleural effusion or ascites, represent a common problem in cancer patients. Pleural effusion in a cancer patient may be caused also by non-neoplastic conditions, and the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion is established by the demonstration of tumor cells in pleural fluid. Microscopical detection of tumor cells in pleural fluid often fails, and there is an unmet medical need for more sensitive methods. New approaches, including isolation using magnetic beads coated with monoclonal antibodies targeting antigens expressed on tumor cells not only increase the diagnostic sensitivity, but also provide material for the analysis of predictive biomarkers. The advent of new technologies illustrates the incremental role of laboratory medicine in the management of patients with malignant effusions.

Keywords: ascites; cancer; pleural effusion; targeted therapy
Corresponding author: Bohuslav Melichar, MD, PhD, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, Zdravotníků 248, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; and Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, E-mail:

Funding source: Grant of Palacky University

Award Identifier / Grant number: IGA_LF_2024_004

Funding source: Conceptual development of research organization supported by the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic

Award Identifier / Grant number: FNOL, 00098892

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable for an opinion paper.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable for an opinion paper.

  3. Author contributions: MS: Conceptualization, writing the original draft, review, and editing; HS: Writing the original draft, review and editing; KH: Writing the original draft; BM: Conceptualization, writing the original draft, review, and editing. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic – conceptual development of research organization (FNOL, 00098892) and Palacky University’s IGA_LF_2024_004.

  7. Data availability: Not relevant for an opinion paper.

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Received: 2025-02-19
Accepted: 2025-02-19
Published Online: 2025-03-03
Published in Print: 2025-05-26

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2025-0197
Keywords for this article
ascites; cancer; pleural effusion; targeted therapy

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorials
  3. The Friedewald formula strikes back
  4. Liquid biopsy in oncology: navigating technical hurdles and future transition for precision medicine
  5. The neglected issue of pyridoxal- 5′ phosphate
  6. Reviews
  7. Health literacy: a new challenge for laboratory medicine
  8. Clinical applications of circulating tumor cell detection: challenges and strategies
  9. Opinion Papers
  10. Pleural effusion as a sample matrix for laboratory analyses in cancer management: a perspective
  11. Interest of hair tests to discriminate a tail end of a doping regimen from a possible unpredictable source of a prohibited substance in case of challenging an anti-doping rule violation
  12. Perspectives
  13. Sigma Metrics misconceptions and limitations
  14. EN ISO 15189 revision: EFLM Committee Accreditation and ISO/CEN standards (C: A/ISO) analysis and general remarks on the changes
  15. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  16. Evaluation of current indirect methods for measuring LDL-cholesterol
  17. Verification of automated review, release and reporting of results with assessment of the risk of harm for patients: the procedure algorithm proposal for clinical laboratories
  18. Progranulin measurement with a new automated method: a step forward in the diagnostic approach to neurodegenerative disorders
  19. A comparative analysis of current С-peptide assays compared to a reference method: can we overcome inertia to standardization?
  20. Blood samples for ammonia analysis do not require transport to the laboratory on ice: a study of ammonia stability and cause of in vitro ammonia increase in samples from patients with hyperammonaemia
  21. A physio-chemical mathematical model of the effects of blood analysis delay on acid-base, metabolite and electrolyte status: evaluation in blood from critical care patients
  22. Evolution of autoimmune diagnostics over the past 10 years: lessons learned from the UK NEQAS external quality assessment EQA programs
  23. Comparison between monotest and traditional batch-based ELISA assays for therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab and adalimumab levels and anti-drug antibodies
  24. Evaluation of pre-analytical factors impacting urine test strip and chemistry results
  25. Evaluation of AUTION EYE AI-4510 flow cell morphology analyzer for counting particles in urine
  26. Reference Values and Biological Variations
  27. Estimation of the allowable total error of the absolute CD34+ cell count by flow cytometry using data from UK NEQAS exercises 2004–2024
  28. Establishment of gender– and age–related reference intervals for serum uric acid in adults based on big data from Zhejiang Province in China
  29. Cancer Diagnostics
  30. Tumor specific protein 70 targeted tumor cell isolation technology can improve the accuracy of cytopathological examination
  31. Cardiovascular Diseases
  32. Diagnostic performance of Mindray CL1200i high sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay compared to Abbott Alinity cardiac troponin I assay for the diagnosis of type 1 and 2 acute myocardial infarction in females and males: MERITnI study
  33. Infectious Diseases
  34. Evidence-based assessment of the application of Six Sigma to infectious disease serology quality control
  35. Letters to the Editor
  36. Evaluating the accuracy of ChatGPT in classifying normal and abnormal blood cell morphology
  37. Refining within-subject biological variation estimation using routine laboratory data: practical applications of the refineR algorithm
  38. Early rule-out high-sensitivity troponin protocols require continuous analytical robustness: a caution regarding the potential for troponin assay down-calibration
  39. Biochemical evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency: a crucial issue to address supplementation in pregnant women
  40. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation and acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation (AML-M0)
  41. Failing methemoglobin blood gas analyses in a sodium nitrite intoxication
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