A case of persisting massive infection of Scomberomorus commerson, a commercially exploited scombrid fish, with Cybicola armatus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Pseudocycnidae)
-
Ameri Kottarathil Helna
, Panakkool Thamban Aneesh
Abstract
During an extensive survey of fish parasites along the Malabar coast of India we observed exceptionally high or even massive infection of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Scombridae), with parasitic copepods Cybicola armatus. Such infection has not hitherto been reported. The copepods occurred on the gills of its host and the infection persisted for many years (the survey lasted from January 2010 to July 2014). The overall prevalence was very high (95%); out of a total of 981 fish studied, 933 were infected, and the maximum intensity reached 42. The highest rate of infection (prevalence 99.2%) was observed in medium sized fish (36.0-79.9 cm). We found this parasite only on S. commerson even though we examined 81 fish species, including five of the family Scombridae. Interestingly, the parasite exhibits strict site specificity and microhabitat preference. A significant proportion of them was seen attached to pseudobranchs rather than to main gill arches. Significantly, the body size of the parasite was positively correlated with that of the host fish. Our SEM micrographs contributed new facts to this copepod’s morphology by illustrating for the first time the ventral part of its cephalothorax, illustrating the nature of attachment, and by finding a new structure – a premaxillary pad. We demonstrated the haematophagous nature of C. armatus by finding and documenting the host’s blood cells in the parasite’s intestine.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment, Government of Kerala (No. (T) 093/SRS/2011/CSTE, dated 25/06/2011) and University Grants Commission, New Delhi (Order No. F. No. 38218/2009 (SR) dated 24/12/2009) for financial support to carry out this work.
References
Abdel-Aal A.A., Soliman M.F. 2004. Microhabitat and surface ultrastructure of Neothoracocotyle commersoni and Priceamultae (Monogenea: Microcotyloidea) from gills of scombrid fish, Scomberomorus commerson. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 34, 117–130Search in Google Scholar
Abdul Khalid N.Q., Shaharoum-Harrison F. 2014. The life cycle of the parasitic crustacean, Lernanthropus latis Yamaguti, 1954 (Copepoda: Lernanthropidae), on marine-cultured fish, Lates calcarifer, from Setiu Wetland, Terengganu. Journal of Parasitology Research, 697134, 6 pages. 10.1155/2014/697134Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Adel M., Azizi H.R., Nematolahi A. 2013. Scomberomorus commerson, a new paratenic host of Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from Persian Gulf. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 5, 310–314Search in Google Scholar
Adlard R.D., Bryant M.S., Whipps C.M., Kent M.L. 2005 Multivalvulid myxozoans from eastern Australia: Three new species of Kudoa from scombrid and labrid fishes of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1138–1142. 10.1645/GE-368R.1Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Aloo P.A., Anam R.O., Mwangi J.N. 2004. Metazoan parasites of some commercially important fish along the Kenyan coast. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 3, 71–78Search in Google Scholar
Aneesh P.T. 2014. Studies on parasitic crustaceans infecting the fishes of Malabar Coast. PhD Thesis, Kannur UniversitySearch in Google Scholar
Arthur J.R., Lumanlan-Mayo S. 1997. Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 369, FAO, Rome. pp. 102Search in Google Scholar
Baker T.G., Pante E., de Buron I. 2005. Co-occurrence of Naobranchia lizae (Copepoda) and Metamicrocotyla macracantha (Monogenea), gill parasites of the striped mullet Mugil cephalus. Parasitology Research, 97, 515–520. 10.1007/ s00436-005-1485-5Search in Google Scholar
Bassett-Smith P.W. 1898a. Some new parasitic copepods found on fish at Bombay. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1, 1–1710.1080/00222939808677915Search in Google Scholar
Bassett-Smith P.W. 1898b. Some new or rare parasitic copepods found on fish in the Indo-tropic region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11, 359–37210.1080/00222939808678056Search in Google Scholar
Beveridge I., Bray R.A., Cribb T.H., Justine J.-L. 2014. Diversity of trypanorhynch metacestodes in teleost fishes from coral reefs off eastern Australia and New Caledonia. Parasite 21, 60. 10.1051/parasite/2014060Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Boxshall G.A. 2005. Copepods. In: Rohde K. (Ed.), Marine Parasites. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Vic., Australia, pp.123-138Search in Google Scholar
Boxshall G.A., Halsey S.H. 2004. An introduction to copepod diversity. Ray Society, London. No. 166, pp. 966Search in Google Scholar
Bray R.A., Cribb T.H., Barker S.C. 1993. Hemiuridae (Digenea) from marine fishes of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Systematic Parasitology, 25, 37–62.10.1007/BF00017000Search in Google Scholar
Bruce N.L. 1990. Redescription of the ascaridoid nematode Hysterothylacium scomberomori (Yamaguti) from Australian Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 28, 427–434Search in Google Scholar
Bush A.O., Lafferty K.D., Lotz J.M., Shostak A.W. 1997. Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms. Margolis et al. revisited. Journal of Parasitology, 83, 575–583. 10.2307/3284227Search in Google Scholar
Cabral P., Coste F., RaibautA. 1984. Cycle évolutif de Lernanthropus kroyerii Van Beneden, 1851, Copépode branchial hématophage du loup Dicentrarchus labrax (Linné, 1758) dans des populations naturelles et en élevage. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 59, 189–207 (In French)10.1051/parasite/1984592189Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Castro R., Santos M.J. 2013. Metazoan ectoparasites of Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus (Teleostei: Scombridae): macroand microhabitat distribution. Parasitology Research, 112, 3579–3586. 10.1007/s00436-013-3543-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Cavaleiro F.I., Santos M.J. 2011. Site selection of Acanthochondria cornuta (Copepoda: Chondracanthidae) in Platichthys flesus (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae). Parasitology, 138, 1061–1067. 10.1017/S1368980008002541Search in Google Scholar
Cressey R.F., Cressey H.B. 1979. The parasitic copepods of Indo-West Pacific lizardfishes (Synodontidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 196, 1–71. 10.5479/si.00810282.296Search in Google Scholar
Cressey R.F., Cressey H.B. 1980. The parasitic copepods of mackerel and tuna-like fishes (Scombridae) of the world. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 311, 1–186. 10.5479/si.00 810282.311.iSearch in Google Scholar
Cressey R.F., Collette B.B., Russo L. 1983. Copepods and scombrid fishes: A study in host-parasite relationships. Fishery Bulletin, 81, 227–265Search in Google Scholar
deMeeûs T., Marin R., Renaud F. 1992. Genetic heterogeneity within populations of Lepeophtheirus europaensis (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasite on to host species. International Journal of Parasitology, 8, 1179–1181. 10.1016/0020-7519(92) 90039-NSearch in Google Scholar
Froese R., Pauly D. 2016. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: http://www.Fishbase.org, Version (January 2016). Accessed 4 July 2016.Search in Google Scholar
Gnanamuthu C.P. 1950. Two dichelesthiid copepods from Madras fish. Parasitology, 40, 276–282. 10.1017/S0031182000018138Search in Google Scholar
Heegaard P.E. 1962. Parasitic Copepoda from Australian waters. Records of the Australian Museum, 25, 149–23410.3853/j.0067-1975.25.1962.661Search in Google Scholar
Hermida M., Cruz C., Saraiva A. 2012. Distribution of Hatschekia pagellibogneravei (Copepoda: Hatschekiidae) on the gills of Pagellus bogaraveo (Teleostei: Sparidae) from Madeira, Portugal. FoliaParasitologica, 59, 148–152. 10.14411/fp.2012.020Search in Google Scholar
Huys R., Boxshall G.A. 1991. Copepod evolution. Ray Society, London. No. 159, pp. 468Search in Google Scholar
Johnson S.C., Treasurer J.W., Bravo S., Nagasawa K., Kabata Z. 2004. A review of the impact of parasitic copepods on marine aquaculture. Zoological Studies, 43, 229–243Search in Google Scholar
Kabata Z. 1979. Parasitic Copepoda of British fishes. Ray Society, London. No. 152, pp. 468Search in Google Scholar
Kabata Z. 1982. Copepoda (Crustacea) parasitic on fishes: Problems and perspectives. Advances in Parasitology, 19, 1–71. 10.1016/S0065-308X(08)60265-1Search in Google Scholar
Kensley B., Grindley J.R. 1973. South African parasitic Copepoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 62, 69–13010.1080/02580144.1973.10429225Search in Google Scholar
Kirtisinghe P. 1935. Parasitic copepods of fish from Ceylon. Para-sitology, 27, 332–344. 10.1017/S0031182000015249Search in Google Scholar
Kirtisinghe P. 1937. On the genus Cybicola Basett-Smith (1898). Par-asitology, 29, 453–456. 10.1017/S0031182000024987Search in Google Scholar
Kirtisinghe P. 1964. A review of the parasitic copepods of fish recorded from Ceylon with description of additional forms. Bulletin ofthe Fisheries Research Station, Ceylon 17, 45–132Search in Google Scholar
Kurian C.V. 1965. Parasitic copepods of fishes from Kerala – No. 3. Bulletin of the Research Institute, University ofKerala, 8, 63–66Search in Google Scholar
Lester R.J.G., Thompson C., Moss H., Barker S.C. 2001. Movement and stock structure of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel as indicated by parasites. Journal of Fish Biology, 59, 833–842. 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00154.xSearch in Google Scholar
Lin C.L., Ho J.S. 2006. Four species of Unicolax Cressey and Cressey, 1980 (Copepoda: Bomolochidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 45, 339–356Search in Google Scholar
Lo C.M., Morand S. 2001. Gill parasites of Cephalopholis argus (Teleostei: Serranidae) from Morrea (French Polynesia): Site selection and coexistence. Folia Parasitologica, 48, 30–36. 10.14411/fp.2001.006Search in Google Scholar
Mattiucci S., Paggi L., Nascetti G., Portes Santos C., Costa G., Di Beneditto A.P., Ramos R., Argyrou M., Cianchi R., Bullini L. 2002. Genetic markers in the study of Anisakis typica (Diesing, 1860): larval identification and genetic relationships with other species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Systematic Parasitology, 51, 159–17010.1023/A:1014554900808Search in Google Scholar
Moore B.R., Buckworth R.C., Moss H., Lester R.J.G. 2003. Stock discrimination and movements of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel across northern Australia as indicated by parasites. Journal of Fish Biology, 63, 765–779. 10.1046/j.1095- 8649.2003.00190.xSearch in Google Scholar
Morton A.B., Routledge R. 2005. Mortality rates for juvenile pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum O. keta salmon infested with sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis in the Broughton Ar-chipelago. Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 11, 146–152Search in Google Scholar
Natarajan P., Balakrishnan Nair N. 1972. Observations on Pseudocycnus armatus (Bassett-Smith) parasitic on Indocybium guttatum (Bloch and Schn.). Hydrobiologia, 40, 69–76. 10.1007/BF00123593Search in Google Scholar
Nolan M.J., Cribb T.H. 2006. Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes. Zootaxa, 1265, 1–8010.11646/zootaxa.1265.1.1Search in Google Scholar
Piasecki W. 1989. Life cycle of Tracheliastes maculatus Kollar, 1835 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Lernaeopodidae). Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne, 35, 187–245Search in Google Scholar
Piasecki W. 1994. Infection seasonality of Tracheliastes maculatus Kollar, 1835 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Lernaeopodidae) in the warm-water canal of the “Dolna Odra” power plant. Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne, 40, 187–192Search in Google Scholar
Piasecki W., Avenant-Oldewage A. 2008. Diseases caused by Crustacea. pp. 1113–1198. In: Eiras J., Segner H., Wahli T., Kapoor B.G. (Eds.) Fish diseases. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA, pp. 1200Search in Google Scholar
Piasecki W., Goodwin A.E., Eiras J.C., Nowak B.F. 2004. Importance of Copepoda in freshwater aquaculture. Zoological Studies, 43, 193–205Search in Google Scholar
Piasecki W., MacKinnon B.M. 1995. Life cycle of a sea louse, Caligus elongatus von Nordmann, 1832 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73, 74–82. 10.1139/z95-009Search in Google Scholar
Pillai N.K. 1964. A miscellaneous collection of copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 6, 61–83Search in Google Scholar
Pillai N.K. 1985. The fauna of India: Copepod parasites of marine fishes. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 900Search in Google Scholar
Ramasamy P., Ramalinga M.K., Hanna R.E.B., Halton D.W. 1985. Microhabitats of gill parasites (Monogenea and Copepoda) of teleosts (Scomberoides spp.). International Journal of Parasitology, 15, 385–397. 10.1016/0020-7519(85)90023-2Search in Google Scholar
Rohde K. 1980. Host specificity indices of parasites and their application. Experientia, 36, 1369–1371. 10.1007/BF01960103Search in Google Scholar
Rohde K. 1993. Ecology of marine parasites, 2nd edn. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 29810.1079/9780851988450.0000Search in Google Scholar
Rohde K. 1994. Niche restriction in parasites: proximate and ultimate causes. Parasitology, 109: S69-S84. 10.1017/ s0031182000085097Search in Google Scholar
Samotylova N.N. 2011. Representatives of Cyclopoida and Siphonostomatoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Vietnamese fauna. Izvestja Samarskogo nauchnogo centra Rosijskoj akademii nauk, 13, 1146–1148. (In Russian)Search in Google Scholar
Scott-Holland T.B., Bennett S.M., Bennett M.B. 2006. Distribution of an asymmetrical copepod, Hatschekia plectropomi, on the gills of Plectropomus leopardus. Journal of Fish Biology, 68, 222–235. 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.00895.x.Search in Google Scholar
Sethi S. 2012. Occurence [sic] of parasitic copepods, Lernaeenicus sprattae on king mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), along south-east of India. e-planet 10, 36–38Search in Google Scholar
Shaharom F.M., Lester R.J.G. 1982. Description of and observations on Grillotia branchi n.sp., a larval trypanorhynch from the branchial arches of the Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson. Systematic Parasitology, 4, 1–6. 10.1007/BF00012227Search in Google Scholar
Shinn A.P., Pratoomyot J., Bron J.E., Paladini G., Brooker E.E., Brooker A.J. 2015. Economic costs of protistan and metazoan parasites to global mariculture. Parasitology, 142, si1, 196270. 10.1017/S0031182014001437Search in Google Scholar
Silas E.G., Ummerkutty A.N.P. 1967. Parasites of scombroid fishes. Part II. Parasitic Copepoda. Proceedings of the Symposium on scombroid fishes held at Mandapam Camp from January 12–15, 1962. Part III. Symposium Series I, Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, S. India, pp. 876–993Search in Google Scholar
Sasidharan Pillai N.K. 1984. Studies on the copepod fish parasites of Kerala coast. PhD Thesis. Department of Industrial Fisheries, University of Cochin, Cohin, IndiaSearch in Google Scholar
Székely C., Láng M., Molnár K. 2010. Role of the copepod parasite Tracheliastes maculatus Kollar, 1836 (Lernaeopodidae) in the common bream (Abramis brama) mortality occurring in Lake Balaton, Hungary. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 30, 170–176Search in Google Scholar
Whipps C.M., Adlard R.D., Bryant M.S., Kent M.L. 2003. Two unusual myxozoans, Kudoa quadricornis n. sp. (Multivalvulida) from the muscle of goldspotted trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus) and Kudoa permulticapsula n. sp. (Multivalvulida) from the muscle of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Parasitology, 89, 168–173. 10.1645/0022-3395 (2003)089[0168:TUMKQN]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar
Williams R.E., Lester R.J.G. 2006. Stock structure of Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson along the Australian east coast deduced from parasite data. Journal of Fish Biology, 68, 1707–1712. 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01026.xSearch in Google Scholar
Wilson C.B. 1922. North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Dichelesthiidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 60, 1–9810.5479/si.00963801.60-2400.1Search in Google Scholar
Wilson J.M., Laurent P. 2002. Fish gill morphology: Inside out. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 293, 192–213. 10.1002/jez.10124Search in Google Scholar
Yamaguti S.(Ed.) 1963. Parasitic Copepoda and Branchiura of fishes. Interscience Publishers, New York, pp. 1104Search in Google Scholar
© 2016 W. Stefañski Institute of Parasitology, PAS
Articles in the same Issue
- Review
- Internal parasitic fauna of elk (Alces alces) in Poland
- Research Article
- First report of mixed Entamoeba polecki (ST 1) and E. suis infection in piglets shedding abnormalfeces by histopathological and molecular surveys
- Research Article
- Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in environmental water in Turkey
- Research Article
- Tranmission pattern differences of miracidia and cercariae larval stages of digenetic trematode parasites
- Research Article
- Characteristics, behaviors and association between Human African Trypanosomiasis and HIV seropositivity among volunteer blood donors in a semi-rural area: A survey from Kikwit, the Democratic Republic of Congo
- Research Article
- Comparison of indirect fluorescent antibody test and the modified agglutination test for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray dogs from Southern Brazil
- Research Article
- Critical analysis of vector-borne infections in dogs: Babesia vogeli, Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in Punjab, India
- Research Article
- A new species of Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1830 (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) and Gymnotus sp. (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) in Brazil
- Research Article
- Monocotyle luquei n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), from the gills of diamond stingray Dasyatis dipterura (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), in the South Pacific
- Research Article
- First record of Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (Hammerschmidt, 1838) (Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatidae) parasite of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Japan, morphological and molecular characterization
- Research Article
- The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in China with three new record species
- Research Article
- First insights into indoor and outdoor Culicoides activity related to the risk period for Bluetongue virus transmission in Eastern Slovakia
- Research Article
- Detection of Theileria lestoquardi cross infection in cattle with clinical theileriosis in Iran
- Research Article
- Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in red foxes in Slovakia
- Research Article
- Epidemiological survey on Leishmania infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and hunting dogs sharing the same rural area in Southern Italy
- Research Article
- Fasciola hepatica infection in humans: overcoming problems for the diagnosis
- Research Article
- Isolation and molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba genotypes isolated from soil sources of public and recreational areas in Iran
- Research Article
- A genetic structure of novel population of Fascioloides magna from Poland, Podkarpackie Province, indicates an expanding second European natural focus of fascioloidosis
- Research Article
- Genotyping of clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba genus in Venezuela
- Research Article
- The prevalence of helminth parasites in Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Anura: Ranidae) from Shanghai, China
- Research Article
- Ocular symptoms reported by patients infested with Demodex mites
- Research Article
- Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) as a potential reservoir for Echinococcus granulosus: A public health implication
- Research Article
- Redescription of Rhabdochona papuanensis (Nematoda: Thelazioidea), a parasite of rainbow fishes (Melanotaenia spp.); the first record of the species of Rhabdochona in Australia
- Research Article
- Development of a rapid and reliable assay for in vitro determination of compound cidality against the asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum
- Research Article
- A case of persisting massive infection of Scomberomorus commerson, a commercially exploited scombrid fish, with Cybicola armatus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Pseudocycnidae)
- Research Article
- The PCR and nested PCR detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in Dermacentor reticulatus F. collected in a new location in Poland (Trzciel, Western Poland)
- Research Article
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Southern Israel
- Research Note
- A morphological study of Diplodiscus subclavatus (Pallas, 1760) (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae) adults from the accidental host, Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813) (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae)
Articles in the same Issue
- Review
- Internal parasitic fauna of elk (Alces alces) in Poland
- Research Article
- First report of mixed Entamoeba polecki (ST 1) and E. suis infection in piglets shedding abnormalfeces by histopathological and molecular surveys
- Research Article
- Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in environmental water in Turkey
- Research Article
- Tranmission pattern differences of miracidia and cercariae larval stages of digenetic trematode parasites
- Research Article
- Characteristics, behaviors and association between Human African Trypanosomiasis and HIV seropositivity among volunteer blood donors in a semi-rural area: A survey from Kikwit, the Democratic Republic of Congo
- Research Article
- Comparison of indirect fluorescent antibody test and the modified agglutination test for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray dogs from Southern Brazil
- Research Article
- Critical analysis of vector-borne infections in dogs: Babesia vogeli, Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in Punjab, India
- Research Article
- A new species of Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1830 (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) and Gymnotus sp. (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) in Brazil
- Research Article
- Monocotyle luquei n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), from the gills of diamond stingray Dasyatis dipterura (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), in the South Pacific
- Research Article
- First record of Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (Hammerschmidt, 1838) (Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatidae) parasite of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Japan, morphological and molecular characterization
- Research Article
- The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in China with three new record species
- Research Article
- First insights into indoor and outdoor Culicoides activity related to the risk period for Bluetongue virus transmission in Eastern Slovakia
- Research Article
- Detection of Theileria lestoquardi cross infection in cattle with clinical theileriosis in Iran
- Research Article
- Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in red foxes in Slovakia
- Research Article
- Epidemiological survey on Leishmania infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and hunting dogs sharing the same rural area in Southern Italy
- Research Article
- Fasciola hepatica infection in humans: overcoming problems for the diagnosis
- Research Article
- Isolation and molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba genotypes isolated from soil sources of public and recreational areas in Iran
- Research Article
- A genetic structure of novel population of Fascioloides magna from Poland, Podkarpackie Province, indicates an expanding second European natural focus of fascioloidosis
- Research Article
- Genotyping of clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba genus in Venezuela
- Research Article
- The prevalence of helminth parasites in Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Anura: Ranidae) from Shanghai, China
- Research Article
- Ocular symptoms reported by patients infested with Demodex mites
- Research Article
- Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) as a potential reservoir for Echinococcus granulosus: A public health implication
- Research Article
- Redescription of Rhabdochona papuanensis (Nematoda: Thelazioidea), a parasite of rainbow fishes (Melanotaenia spp.); the first record of the species of Rhabdochona in Australia
- Research Article
- Development of a rapid and reliable assay for in vitro determination of compound cidality against the asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum
- Research Article
- A case of persisting massive infection of Scomberomorus commerson, a commercially exploited scombrid fish, with Cybicola armatus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Pseudocycnidae)
- Research Article
- The PCR and nested PCR detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in Dermacentor reticulatus F. collected in a new location in Poland (Trzciel, Western Poland)
- Research Article
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Southern Israel
- Research Note
- A morphological study of Diplodiscus subclavatus (Pallas, 1760) (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae) adults from the accidental host, Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813) (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae)