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Critical analysis of vector-borne infections in dogs: Babesia vogeli, Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in Punjab, India

  • Lachhman Das Singla EMAIL logo , Deepak Sumbria , Ajay Mandhotra , M.S. Bal and Paramjit Kaur
Published/Copyright: October 22, 2016
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Acta Parasitologica
From the journal Acta Parasitologica Volume 61 Issue 4

Abstract

There are few published studies on various vector borne diseases of dogs in India and most depict clinical infection in dogs, diagnosed by observation of the haemopathogens in stained blood smears. This study provides the first report regarding molecular confirmation and ancestral relationship analysis of blood smears positive cases of assorted haemopathogens in Punjab province of India. On blood smear examination, haemopathogens were observed in 124 out of 778 (15.95%, 95% CI: 13.53– 18.68) blood smears. Further polymerase chain reactions (PCR) was used on bloods smear positive cases to validate the results. Out of 778 blood samples, Babesia gibsoni was most common parasite infecting dogs (15.04%, 95% CI: 12.7–17.72), followed by Ehrlichia canis (0.39%, 95% CI: 0.0–1.13), infection of Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon canis was same (0.26%, 95% CI: 0.0–0.9). Among various risk factors studied (age, sex, season), prevalence of infection was non-significantly higher in 1–2 year of age group (19.88%, 95% CI: 14.45–26.71), regarding sex same prevalence was recorded (15.94%), and chances of infection was highest in pre-monsoon i.e. summer (18.26%, 95% CI: 14.49–22.76). Phylogenetic analysis revealed ancestral background of Ludhiana isolates of B. vogeli, B. gibsoni, H. canis, and E. canis with the isolates of Philippines, Mongolia and Tunisia.

Keywords: Babesia gibsoni; Babesia vogeli; Hepatozoon canis; Ehrlichia canis; Polymerase chain reaction; Phylogenetic analysis

Care of Animal

Complete care and measures were taken to avoid any acci-dental injury to the canines while collecting the blood sam-ples. Prior consent was taken from the owners of the canines.

Conflict of interests

  1. All authors are having no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the Dean, College of Veterinary Science and Director of Research, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for providing facilities and financial support to carry out the research work. We are very grateful to Dr C. S. Mukhopadhyay (Assistant Scientist-Senior Scale, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sci-ences University, Ludhiana, Punjab-141004; India) for constructing phylogenetic tree in Mega 6.

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Received: 2015-7-28
Revised: 2016-4-11
Accepted: 2016-5-13
Published Online: 2016-10-22
Published in Print: 2016-12-1

© 2016 W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, PAS

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0098
Keywords for this article
Babesia gibsoni; Babesia vogeli; Hepatozoon canis; Ehrlichia canis; Polymerase chain reaction; Phylogenetic analysis

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