Transverse anisotropy of compressive failure in European oak – a digital speckle photography study

References

Badel, E., Perré, P. (1999) Détermination des propriétés élastiques d'éléments individuels du plan ligneux du chêne par des essais de traction sur micro-éprouvettes. Ann. For. Sci.56:467–478.10.1051/forest:19990603Suche in Google Scholar

Bodig, J. (1965) The effect of anatomy on the initial stress-strain relationship in transverse compression. J. For. Prod. Res. Soc.15:197–202.Suche in Google Scholar

Bodig, J. (1966) Stress-strain relationship for wood in transverse compression. J. Mater.1:645–666.Suche in Google Scholar

Burgert, I., Eckstein, D. (2001) The tensile strength of isolated wood rays of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and its importance for the biomechanics of living trees. Trees15:168–170.Suche in Google Scholar

Burgert, I., Bernasconi, A., Niklas, K.J., Eckstein, D. (2001) The influence of rays on the transverse elastic anisotropy in green wood of deciduous trees. Holzforschung55:449–454.10.1515/HF.2001.074Suche in Google Scholar

Dinwoodie, J.M. Timber: Its Structure and Behaviour. E & FN Spon, London, 2000.10.4324/9780203477878Suche in Google Scholar

Jelf, P.M., Fleck, N.A. (1992) Compression failure mechanisms in unidirectional composites. J. Compos. Mater.26:2706–2726.10.1177/002199839202601804Suche in Google Scholar

Jernkvist, L.O., Thuvander, F. (2001) Experimental determination of stiffness variation across growth rings in Picea abies. Holzforschung55:309–317.10.1515/HF.2001.051Suche in Google Scholar

Kawamura, Y. (1984) Studies on the properties of rays III. Influence of rays on anisotropic shrinkage of wood (2). Mokuzai Gakkaishi30:785–790.Suche in Google Scholar

Koch, P. Utilization of Hardwoods Growing on Southern Pine Sites. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1985.10.5962/bhl.title.30555Suche in Google Scholar

Kollmann, F.F.P., Coté, W.A. Principles of Wood Science and Technology I: Solid Wood. Springer, Berlin, 1968.10.1007/978-3-642-87928-9Suche in Google Scholar

Kunesh, R.H. (1968) Strength and elastic properties of wood in transverse compression. For. Prod. J.18:65–72.Suche in Google Scholar

McIntosh, D.C. (1954) Some aspects of the influence of rays on the shrinkage of wood. J. For. Prod. Res. Soc.4:39–42.Suche in Google Scholar

McIntosh, D.C. (1955a) Effects of rays on radial shrinkage of beech. J. For. Prod. Res. Soc.5:67–71.Suche in Google Scholar

McIntosh, D.C. (1955b) Shrinkage of red oak and beech. J. For. Prod. Res. Soc.5:355–359.Suche in Google Scholar

Müller, U., Gindl, W., Teischinger, A. (2003) Effects of cell anatomy on the plastic and elastic behaviour of different wood species loaded perpendicular to grain. IAWA J.24:117–128.10.1163/22941932-90000325Suche in Google Scholar

Panshin, A.J., de Zeeuw, C., Brown, H.P. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964.Suche in Google Scholar

Reiterer, A., Burgert, I., Sinn, G., Tschegg, S. (2002) The radial reinforcement of the wood structure and its implications on mechanical and fracture mechanical properties – a comparison between two tree species. J. Mater. Sci.37:935–940.10.1023/A:1014339612423Suche in Google Scholar

Schniewind, A.P. (1959) Transverse anisotropy of wood: a function of gross anatomic structure. J. For. Prod. Res. Soc.9:350–359.Suche in Google Scholar

Stamm, A.J. Wood and Cellulose Science. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1968.Suche in Google Scholar

Tabarsa, T., Chui, Y.H. (2000) Characterizing microscopic behavior of wood under transverse compression. Part I. Test method and influences of cellular properties. Wood Fiber Sci.32:144–152.Suche in Google Scholar

Tabarsa, T., Chui, Y.H. (2001) Characterizing microscopic behavior of wood under transverse compression. Part II. Effect of species and loading direction. Wood Fiber Sci.33:223–232.Suche in Google Scholar

Thuvander, F., Sjödahl, M., Berglund, L.A. (2000) Measurements of crack tip strain field in wood at the scale of growth rings. J. Mater. Sci.35:6267–6275.10.1023/A:1026722521248Suche in Google Scholar