Critical comparison of methods for surface coverage by extractives and lignin in pulps by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
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Pedro Fardim
Abstract
Different methods for estimation of the surface coverage by extractives and lignin were critically compared. For data collection, four state-of-the-art X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) instruments located in four different laboratories were used. Hand sheets of one mechanical and two chemical pulp samples were prepared in one laboratory and distributed among the other participants. The XPS results based on O/C ratios and curve fitting of the C 1s peak had very good intra- and interlaboratory variation for extracted and non-extracted pulp samples. The estimations of surface coverage by extractives and lignin also had acceptable intra- and interlaboratory variation. However, significant differences were observed between the results for the various methods. Estimation of surface coverage by extractives based on O/C ratios was much higher than that based on the C1 component analysis in the case of mechanical and unbleached chemical pulp. The surface coverage by lignin of mechanical pulp was reproducibly detected based on O/C ratios, C1 component analysis and by labelling with mercury acetate. The same data were, however, rather scattered if they were collected with these three methods for bleached and unbleached chemical pulp. In spite of the differences, similar trends regarding the pulp type could be observed. We interpret the results as indicating that the surface coverage for both extractives and lignin should not be considered as absolute “true” values, but rather as relative values, which are reliable only for comparison of samples for the same instrument. Even for relative comparisons, we recommend the selection of a strict experimental set-up for spectral acquisition and data treatment when applying any of the instruments and calculation models currently available.
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Articles in the same Issue
- The influence of lignin chemistry and ultrastructure on the pulping efficiency of clonal aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)
- Elucidating carboxylic acid profiles for extended oxygen delignification of high-kappa softwood kraft pulps
- A selectivity study of reaction of the carbonate radical anion with methyl β-d-cellobioside and methyl β-d-glucoside in oxygenated aqueous solutions
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- The effect of molecular composition of xylan extracted from birch on its assembly onto bleached softwood kraft pulp
- Critical comparison of methods for surface coverage by extractives and lignin in pulps by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
- Characterisation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) of spruce wood (Picea abies L.) isolated with two methods
- Characterization of lignin-carbohydrate complexes from spruce sulfite pulp
- Lignin antioxidants for preventing oxidation damage of DNA and for stabilizing polymeric composites
- Glycerol-ω-hydroxyacid-ferulic acid oligomers in cork suberin structure
- Improvement of formaldehyde-scavenging ability of condensed tannins by ammonia treatment
- Yield and composition of lipophylic extracts of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) as a function of wood age and aging under industrial conditions
- Transverse anisotropy of compressive failure in European oak – a digital speckle photography study
- Temperature-drop sensor for determination of drying curves in conventional lumber drying
- Preparation of acetoacetylated wood meal and its properties. Part 1. Preparation of parameter and preliminary evaluation of the antifungal activity
- Preparation of acetoacetylated wood meal and its properties. Part 2. Copper ion fixation by acetoacetylation
- Treatment of wood with aminofunctional silanes for protection against wood destroying fungi
- Detection of fungal decay by high-energy multiple impact (HEMI) testing
Articles in the same Issue
- The influence of lignin chemistry and ultrastructure on the pulping efficiency of clonal aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)
- Elucidating carboxylic acid profiles for extended oxygen delignification of high-kappa softwood kraft pulps
- A selectivity study of reaction of the carbonate radical anion with methyl β-d-cellobioside and methyl β-d-glucoside in oxygenated aqueous solutions
- Evidence for the formation of lignin-hexenuronic acid-xylan complexes during modified kraft pulping processes
- The effect of molecular composition of xylan extracted from birch on its assembly onto bleached softwood kraft pulp
- Critical comparison of methods for surface coverage by extractives and lignin in pulps by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
- Characterisation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) of spruce wood (Picea abies L.) isolated with two methods
- Characterization of lignin-carbohydrate complexes from spruce sulfite pulp
- Lignin antioxidants for preventing oxidation damage of DNA and for stabilizing polymeric composites
- Glycerol-ω-hydroxyacid-ferulic acid oligomers in cork suberin structure
- Improvement of formaldehyde-scavenging ability of condensed tannins by ammonia treatment
- Yield and composition of lipophylic extracts of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) as a function of wood age and aging under industrial conditions
- Transverse anisotropy of compressive failure in European oak – a digital speckle photography study
- Temperature-drop sensor for determination of drying curves in conventional lumber drying
- Preparation of acetoacetylated wood meal and its properties. Part 1. Preparation of parameter and preliminary evaluation of the antifungal activity
- Preparation of acetoacetylated wood meal and its properties. Part 2. Copper ion fixation by acetoacetylation
- Treatment of wood with aminofunctional silanes for protection against wood destroying fungi
- Detection of fungal decay by high-energy multiple impact (HEMI) testing
