Home Physical Sciences Comments on the experimental methodology for determination of the hygro-mechanical properties of wood
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Comments on the experimental methodology for determination of the hygro-mechanical properties of wood

  • Lech Muszyński , Rastislav Lagana , Stephen M. Shaler and William Davids
Published/Copyright: February 1, 2005
Holzforschung
From the journal Volume 59 Issue 2

Abstract

When wood is subjected simultaneously to load and moisture content changes below the fiber saturation point, the mechano-sorptive effect may be observed as an additional deformation that cannot be attributed to simple superposition of elastic deformation, free shrinkage or swelling, or creep in steady climate conditions. The phenomenon has been subject to research for more than half a century. Although numerous mathematical models and detailed theoretical descriptions have been proposed over time, the basic mechanism of mechano-sorption has remained unclear, the experimental data are scattered and lack logical classification, and the experimental determination of its basic parameters on a material level, understood as a local property decoupled from artifacts of the testing protocol, remains a serious challenge. In this paper basic requirements for adequate experimental methods for comprehensive determination of the mechano-sorptive behavior of wood are proposed and briefly discussed. The principal requirements are that the experimental research on mechano-sorption is focused on the material level properties and elementary loading modes (tension and compression); that proper attention is paid to the effect of changing distribution of moisture content within the tested volume; and that the tests are designed so that a comprehensive separation of strain components is enhanced.

:

Corresponding author. Department of Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, 119 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A., Phone: +1-541-737-9479, Fax: +1-541-737-3385

References

Armstrong, L.D., Kingston, R.S.T. (1960) Effect of moisture content changes on creep of wood. Nature185(4716):862–863.10.1038/185862c0Search in Google Scholar

Bengtsson, C. (1999) Mechanosorptive Creep in Wood – Experimental Studies of the Influence of Material Properties. PhD Thesis. Chalmers University, Goteborg.Search in Google Scholar

Bodig, J. (1982) Moisture effect on structural use of wood. In: Structural Use of Wood in Adverse Environments. Ed. Kellogg, R.M. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, Cincinati, Toronto, London, Melbourne. pp. 53–75.Search in Google Scholar

Erickson, R. (1989) Mechano-sorptive phenomena in drying red oak. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Seattle.Search in Google Scholar

FPL (1999) Wood Handbook – Wood as an Engineering Material. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-113. Madison, WI. 463 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Gerhards, C. (1982) Effect of moisture content and temperature on the mechanical properties of wood: an analysis of immediate effects. Wood Fiber Sci.14(1):4–36.Search in Google Scholar

Grossman, P. (1976) Requirements for a model that exhibits mechano-sorptive behaviour. Wood Sci. Technol.10:163–168.10.1007/BF00355737Search in Google Scholar

Hisada, T. (1986) Creep and set behavior of wood related to kiln drying. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Report No. 335. Ibaraki, Japan. pp. 31–130.Search in Google Scholar

Hong, S.-I., Arima, T. (1998) Shear creep and mechano-sorptive behavior of nail-plate-joined laminated veneer lumber. J. Wood Sci.44:186–190.10.1007/BF00521961Search in Google Scholar

Hunt, D.G. (1997) Dimensional changes and creep of spruce, and consequent model requirements. Wood Sci. Technol.31(1):3–16.10.1007/BF00705696Search in Google Scholar

Joyet, P., Lagiere, P., Guitard, D. (1992) Creep behavior of wood under varying moisture content conditions. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Vienna, Austria. pp. 123–127.Search in Google Scholar

Lagana, R. (2003) Unpublished data. Orono, ME.Search in Google Scholar

Lagana, R. (2004) Development of Small-scale Experimental Protocol and Multi-physics Model to Predict the Complex Hygro-mechanical Behavior of Wood under Varying Climates. PhD Thesis. University of Maine, Orono.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, T. (1994) Creep of wood under a large span of loads in constant and varying environments. Holz Roh Werkst.52:63–70.10.1007/BF02615022Search in Google Scholar

Morlier, P., Ed. (1994) Creep in Timber Structures. Report of Rilem Technical Committee 112-tsc. E & FN Spon, London.10.1201/9781482294750Search in Google Scholar

Muszyński, L. (1997) Modeling of the Drying Stresses in Wood (in Polish). PhD Thesis. Agricultural University of Poznań, Poznań, Poland.Search in Google Scholar

Muszyński, L., Bąk, S. (1998) Determination of the mechano-sorptive characteristics of wood by means of a simple experimental method. In: Wood Structure and Properties '98, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Wood Structure and Properties, Zvolen, Slovakia, August 25–27. pp. 149–152.Search in Google Scholar

Muszyński, L., Lagana, R., Shaler, S.M. (2002) Optical measurements of wood deformations in changing climate. In: Proceedings of the 2002 SEM IX International Congress on Experimental Mechanics, Milwaukee, WI, June 10–12, 2002. pp. 298–301.Search in Google Scholar

Muszyński, L., Lagana, R., Shaler, S.M. (2003) An optical method for characterization of basic hygro-mechanical properties of solid wood in tension. In: Proceedings of the 8th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Brasov, Romania, August 24–29, 2003. pp. 77–82.Search in Google Scholar

Navi, P., Pittet, V., Plummer, C.J.G. (2002) Transient moisture effects on wood creep. Wood Sci. Technol.36:447–462.10.1007/s00226-002-0157-1Search in Google Scholar

Perkitny, T. (1951) Research on Swelling Pressure of Wood. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, Warszawa, Poland.Search in Google Scholar

Ranta-Maunus, A. (1975) The viscoelasticity of wood at varying moisture content. Wood Sci. Technol.9:189–205.10.1007/BF00364637Search in Google Scholar

Ranta-Maunus, A. (1989) Analysis of drying stress in timber. Pap. Timber10:1120–1122.Search in Google Scholar

Ranta-Maunus, A., Gowda, S. (1994) Curved and Cambered Glulam Beams. Part 2: Long-term Load Tests under Cyclically Varying Humidity. VTT Publications 171, Espoo, Finland.Search in Google Scholar

Rijsdijk, J.F., Laming, P.B. (1994) Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers. Information for Practice. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.10.1007/978-94-015-8364-0Search in Google Scholar

Rybarczyk, W. (1973) Study on the development of mathematical model of mechanical properties of some wood materials undergoing changes in their moisture content. Prace Inst. Technol. Drewna66(2):17–138.Search in Google Scholar

Salin, J.-G. (1992) Numerical prediction of checking during timber drying and new mechano-sorptive creep model. Holz Roh Werkst.50:195–200.10.1007/BF02663286Search in Google Scholar

Schniewind, A. (1968) Recent progress in the study of the rheology of wood. Wood Sci. Technol.2:188–206.10.1007/BF00350908Search in Google Scholar

van der Put, T. (1989) Deformation and Damage Processes in Wood. Delft University Press, Delft, Netherlands.Search in Google Scholar

Wu, Q., Milota, M. (1996) Mechano-sorptive deformation of Douglas-fir specimens under tangential tensile stress during moisture adsorption. Wood Fiber Sci.28(1):128–132.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2005-02-01
Published in Print: 2005-02-01

©2005 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Obituary
  2. The role of non-phenolic lignin in chlorate-forming reactions during chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp
  3. Study of the oxygen effect on mechanical pulp lignin using an improved lignin isolation method
  4. Quantitative 1H NMR analysis of alkaline polysulfide solutions
  5. A comparative study on the degradation of cotton linters induced by carbonate and hydroxyl radicals generated from peroxynitrite
  6. The carbonate radical as one-electron oxidant of carbohydrates in alkaline media
  7. Leaf-fiber lignins of Phormium varieties compared bysolid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy
  8. Antifungal activity of iridoid glycosides from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea
  9. Antioxidant activity of different components of pine species
  10. Dislocations in Norway spruce fibres and their effect on properties of pulp and paper
  11. Isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from Amboyna wood
  12. Biomechanical pulping of spruce wood chips with Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335 and handsheet characterization
  13. Three-dimensional visualisation of bacterial decay in individual tracheids of Pinus sylvestris
  14. Mass loss and moisture dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed outdoors above ground in Sweden
  15. The influence of cation and anion structure of new quaternary ammonium salts on adsorption and leaching
  16. Speciation of arsenic and chromium in the leachate from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) type C treated southern pine (Pinus spp.)
  17. Metal chelation studies relevant to wood preservation.1. Complexation of propyl gallate with Fe2+
  18. Comparison of UV and confocal Raman microscopy to measure the melamine–formaldehyde resin content within cell walls of impregnated spruce wood
  19. Comparison of Pinus taeda L. wood property calibrations based on NIR spectra from the radial-longitudinal and radial-transverse faces of wooden strips
  20. Detection of failures of adhesively bonded joints using the acoustic emission method
  21. Effect of cross-sectional change of a board specimen on stress wave velocity determination
  22. Comments on the experimental methodology for determination of the hygro-mechanical properties of wood
  23. Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Part 1: Structural and chemical characterisation
  24. Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.). Part 2: Twisting phenomena
Downloaded on 29.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/HF.2005.037/pdf
Scroll to top button