Three-dimensional visualisation of bacterial decay in individual tracheids of Pinus sylvestris
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Charlotte Björdal
Abstract
Archaeological wood from waterlogged environments is mainly degraded by erosion bacteria. Under the light microscope, a distinct chequered decay pattern is often found in superficially to moderately degraded wood. Serial sections of Pinus sylvestris, degraded by erosion bacteria, were examined to gain an understanding of this phenomenon. An advanced image analysis program was used to transform series of 2-dimensional (2-D) images from attacked fibres into 3-D illustrations in order to visualise variations in decay along 340 μm of the tracheid.
Degradation by erosion bacteria proceeded from the cell lumen into the secondary cell wall. Attack was initiated at several positions in the same tracheid. The chequered pattern observed in transverse sections, often referred to as degraded fibres adjacent to sound ones, shows only the decay status at the section point. A sound cell wall does not necessarily indicate a sound fibre. A fibre in moderately degraded wood often consists of both degraded and sound areas.
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©2005 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- Obituary
- The role of non-phenolic lignin in chlorate-forming reactions during chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp
- Study of the oxygen effect on mechanical pulp lignin using an improved lignin isolation method
- Quantitative 1H NMR analysis of alkaline polysulfide solutions
- A comparative study on the degradation of cotton linters induced by carbonate and hydroxyl radicals generated from peroxynitrite
- The carbonate radical as one-electron oxidant of carbohydrates in alkaline media
- Leaf-fiber lignins of Phormium varieties compared bysolid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy
- Antifungal activity of iridoid glycosides from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea
- Antioxidant activity of different components of pine species
- Dislocations in Norway spruce fibres and their effect on properties of pulp and paper
- Isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from Amboyna wood
- Biomechanical pulping of spruce wood chips with Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335 and handsheet characterization
- Three-dimensional visualisation of bacterial decay in individual tracheids of Pinus sylvestris
- Mass loss and moisture dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed outdoors above ground in Sweden
- The influence of cation and anion structure of new quaternary ammonium salts on adsorption and leaching
- Speciation of arsenic and chromium in the leachate from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) type C treated southern pine (Pinus spp.)
- Metal chelation studies relevant to wood preservation.1. Complexation of propyl gallate with Fe2+
- Comparison of UV and confocal Raman microscopy to measure the melamine–formaldehyde resin content within cell walls of impregnated spruce wood
- Comparison of Pinus taeda L. wood property calibrations based on NIR spectra from the radial-longitudinal and radial-transverse faces of wooden strips
- Detection of failures of adhesively bonded joints using the acoustic emission method
- Effect of cross-sectional change of a board specimen on stress wave velocity determination
- Comments on the experimental methodology for determination of the hygro-mechanical properties of wood
- Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Part 1: Structural and chemical characterisation
- Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.). Part 2: Twisting phenomena
Articles in the same Issue
- Obituary
- The role of non-phenolic lignin in chlorate-forming reactions during chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp
- Study of the oxygen effect on mechanical pulp lignin using an improved lignin isolation method
- Quantitative 1H NMR analysis of alkaline polysulfide solutions
- A comparative study on the degradation of cotton linters induced by carbonate and hydroxyl radicals generated from peroxynitrite
- The carbonate radical as one-electron oxidant of carbohydrates in alkaline media
- Leaf-fiber lignins of Phormium varieties compared bysolid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy
- Antifungal activity of iridoid glycosides from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea
- Antioxidant activity of different components of pine species
- Dislocations in Norway spruce fibres and their effect on properties of pulp and paper
- Isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from Amboyna wood
- Biomechanical pulping of spruce wood chips with Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335 and handsheet characterization
- Three-dimensional visualisation of bacterial decay in individual tracheids of Pinus sylvestris
- Mass loss and moisture dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed outdoors above ground in Sweden
- The influence of cation and anion structure of new quaternary ammonium salts on adsorption and leaching
- Speciation of arsenic and chromium in the leachate from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) type C treated southern pine (Pinus spp.)
- Metal chelation studies relevant to wood preservation.1. Complexation of propyl gallate with Fe2+
- Comparison of UV and confocal Raman microscopy to measure the melamine–formaldehyde resin content within cell walls of impregnated spruce wood
- Comparison of Pinus taeda L. wood property calibrations based on NIR spectra from the radial-longitudinal and radial-transverse faces of wooden strips
- Detection of failures of adhesively bonded joints using the acoustic emission method
- Effect of cross-sectional change of a board specimen on stress wave velocity determination
- Comments on the experimental methodology for determination of the hygro-mechanical properties of wood
- Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Part 1: Structural and chemical characterisation
- Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.). Part 2: Twisting phenomena
