Home Life Sciences Response of microphytobenthos to flow and trophic variation in two South African temporarily open/closed estuaries
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Response of microphytobenthos to flow and trophic variation in two South African temporarily open/closed estuaries

  • Renzo Perissinotto , Kogilam Iyer and Christian Nozais
Published/Copyright: February 16, 2006
Botanica Marina
From the journal Volume 49 Issue 1

Abstract

Variations in microphytobenthic biomass were investigated in relation to major environmental factors in the Mdloti and Mhlanga temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs), South Africa, from March 2002 to March 2003. Both estuaries receive different volumes of treated sewage waters. This has caused eutrophication and an increase in the frequency of mouth opening, particularly at the Mhlanga. No significant differences were found in microphytobenthic chl a concentrations between the two estuaries. At the Mdloti, microphytobenthic biomass varied considerably, with values ranging from 1.33 to 131 mg chl a m-2 during the open phase, and from 18 to 391 mg chl a m-2 during the closed phase. At the Mhlanga, microphytobenthic biomass ranged from 7.0 to 313 mg chl a m-2 during the open phase, and from 1.7 to 267 mg chl a m-2 during the closed phase. Unlike in the Mdloti, the higher microphytobenthic biomass values at the Mhlanga were not always associated with the closed mouth state. For the duration of the study, the Mdloti functioned as a typical temporarily open/closed system, with prolonged open and closed phases, while the Mhlanga behaved more like a permanently open estuary than a TOCE (it lacked a period of prolonged mouth closure).

:

Corresponding author

References

Adams, J.B. and G.M. Bate. 1999. Primary producers. In: (B.R. Allanson and D. Baird, eds) Estuaries of South Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 91–99.Search in Google Scholar

Barranguet, C., J. Kromkamp and J. Peene. 1998. Factors controlling primary production and photosynthetic characteristics of intertidal microphytobenthos. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.173: 117–126.10.3354/meps173117Search in Google Scholar

Begg, G.W. 1978. The estuaries of Natal. Natal Town and Regional Planning Report 41. Pietermaritzburg. pp. 657.Search in Google Scholar

Begg, G.W. 1984. The estuaries of Natal. Part 2. Natal Town and Regional Planning Report 55. Pietermaritzburg. pp. 631.Search in Google Scholar

Bidigare, R.R., T.J. Frank, C. Zastrow and J.M. Brooks. 1986. The distribution of algal chlorophylls and their degradation products in the South Ocean. Deep Sea Res.33: 923–937.10.1016/0198-0149(86)90007-5Search in Google Scholar

Blanchard, G.F., J.M Guarini, P. Richard, P.H. Gros and F. Mornet. 1996. Quantifying the short-term temperature effect on light saturated photosynthesis of intertidal microphytobenthos. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.134: 309–313.10.3354/meps134309Search in Google Scholar

Brotas, V. and M.R. Plante-Cuny. 1988. Spatial and temporal patterns of microphytobenthic taxa of estuarine tidal flats in the Tagus estuary (Portugal) using pigment analysis by HPLC. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.171: 43–57.10.3354/meps171043Search in Google Scholar

Brotas, V. and M.R. Plante-Cuny. 2003. The use of HPLC pigment analysis to study microphytobenthos communities. Acta Oecol.24: S109–S115.10.1016/S1146-609X(03)00013-4Search in Google Scholar

Cadée, G.C. and J. Hegeman. 1974. Primary production of the benthic microflora living on the tidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res.8: 260–291.10.1016/0077-7579(74)90020-9Search in Google Scholar

Colijn, F. and V.N. de Jonge. 1984. Primary production of microphytobenthos in the Ems-Dollard estuary. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.14: 185–196.10.3354/meps014185Search in Google Scholar

Cooper, J.A.G. 1991. Sedimentary models and geomorphological classification of river mouths on a subtropical wave dominated coast, Natal, South Africa. Ph.D thesis, University of Natal, South Africa. pp. 401.Search in Google Scholar

Cooper, J.A.G., C.I. Wright and T.R. Mason. 1999. Geomorphology and sedimentology. In: (B.R. Allanson and D. Baird, eds) Estuaries of South Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 5–25.Search in Google Scholar

de Jonge, V.N. and F. Colijn. 1994. Dynamics of microphytobenthic biomass in the Ems estuary measured as chlorophyll a and carbon. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.104: 185–196.10.3354/meps104185Search in Google Scholar

de Villiers, C.J., A.N. Hodgson and A.T. Forbes. 1999. Studies on estuarine macroinvertebrates. In: (B.R. Allanson and D. Baird, eds) Estuaries of South Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 167–207.Search in Google Scholar

Delgado, M., V. de Jonge and H. Peletier. 1991. Experiments on the resuspension of natural microphytobenthos populations. Mar. Biol.108: 321–328.10.1007/BF01344347Search in Google Scholar

Droop, M.R., M.L. Mickelson, J.M. Scott and M.F. Turner. 1982. Light and nutrient status of algal cells. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK.62: 403–434.10.1017/S0025315400057362Search in Google Scholar

Ford, R.B. and C. Honeywill. 2002. Grazing on intertidal microphytobenthos by macrofauna: is pheophorbide a a useful marker?Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.229: 33–42.10.3354/meps229033Search in Google Scholar

Gould, D. and E. Gallagher. 1990. Field measurement of specific growth rate, biomass, and primary production of benthic diatoms of Savin Hill Cove, Boston. Limnol. Oceanogr.35: 1757–1770.10.4319/lo.1990.35.8.1757Search in Google Scholar

Grobbler, N.G. 1987. Sedimentary environments of Mdloti, uMgababa and Lovu lagoons, Natal, South Africa. MSc thesis, University of Natal, South Africa. pp. 171.Search in Google Scholar

Guarini, J.M., P. Richard and G.F. Blanchard. 2004. Quantification of the dynamics of the intertidal microphytobenthos in semi-enclosed littoral ecosystems: regulation of the resuspension by the biomass. In: Abstract book of the ASLO 2004 Summer Meeting, Savannah 13-18 June 2004. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. p. 27.Search in Google Scholar

Howarth, R.W. 1988. Nutrient limitation of net primary production in marine ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.19: 89–110.10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.000513Search in Google Scholar

Kibirige, I. and R. Perissinotto. 2003a. In situ feeding rates and grazing impact of zooplankton in a South African temporarily open estuary. Mar. Biol.142: 357–367.10.1007/s00227-002-0963-xSearch in Google Scholar

Kibirige, I. and R. Perissinotto. 2003b. The zooplankton community of the Mpenjati Estuary, a South African temporarily open/closed system. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.58: 727–741.Search in Google Scholar

Kibirige, I., R. Perissinotto and C. Nozais. 2002. Alternative food sources of zooplankton in a temporarily open estuary: evidence from δ13C and δ15N. J. Plankt. Res.24: 1089–1095.10.1093/plankt/24.10.1089Search in Google Scholar

Kibirige, I., R. Perissinotto and C. Nozais. 2003. Grazing rates and feeding preferences of the mysid shrimp Gastrosaccus brevifissura in a temporarily open estuary in South Africa. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.251: 201–210.10.3354/meps251201Search in Google Scholar

Kibirige, I., R. Perissinotto and X. Thwala. In press. A comparative study of zooplankton dynamics in two subtropical temporarily open/closed estuaries, South Africa. Mar. Biol.Search in Google Scholar

Kirk, J.T.O. 1994. Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 509.Search in Google Scholar

Light, B.R. and J. Beardall. 1998. Distribution and spatial variation of benthic microalgal biomass in a temperate, shallow-water marine system. Aquat. Bot.61: 39–54.Search in Google Scholar

Lucas, C.H. and P.M. Holligan. 1999. Nature and ecological implications of algal pigment diversity on the Molenplaat tidal flat (Westeschelde estuary, SW Netherlands). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.180: 51–64.Search in Google Scholar

MacIntyre, H.L., R.J. Geider and D.C. Miller. 1996. Microphytobenthos: the ecological role of the “secret garden” of unvegetated, shallow-water marine habitats. I. Distribution, abundance and primary production. Estuaries19: 186–201.Search in Google Scholar

Miller, D.C., R.J. Geider and H.L. MacIntyre. 1996. Microphytobenthos: the ecological role of the “secret garden” of unvegetated, shallow water marine habitats. II. Role in sediment stability and shallow water food webs. Estuaries19: 202–212.Search in Google Scholar

Montagna, P., B. Coull, T. Herring and B. Dudley. 1983. The relationship between abundances of meiofauna and their suspected microbial food (diatoms and bacteria). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.17: 381–394.10.1016/0272-7714(83)90124-5Search in Google Scholar

Morant, P. and N. Quinn. 1999. Influence of man and management of South African estuaries. In: (B.R. Allanson and D. Baird, eds) Estuaries of South Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 289–320.Search in Google Scholar

Mostert, S.A. 1983. Procedure used in South Africa for the automatic photometric determination of micronutrients in seawater. South Afric. J. Mar. Sci.1: 189–198.10.2989/025776183784447584Search in Google Scholar

Mundree, S. 2001. Dynamics of the microphytobenthic community of a temporarily open estuary: Mdloti, KwaZulu-Natal. MSc thesis, University of Durban Westville, South Africa. pp. 126.Search in Google Scholar

Mundree, S., R. Perissinotto and C. Nozais. 2003. Seasonal variations in the vertical distribution of benthic microalgae in the upper sediment of the Mdloti Estuary, South Africa. Bot. Mar.46: 323–331.10.1515/BOT.2003.029Search in Google Scholar

Nozais, C., R. Perissinotto and S. Mundree. 2001. Annual cycle of microalgal biomass in a South African temporarily open estuary: nutrient versus light limitation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.223: 39–48.10.3354/meps223039Search in Google Scholar

Nozais, C., R. Perissinotto and G. Tita. 2005. Temporal dynamics of meiofauna in a South African temporarily open estuary (Mdloti Estuary, Indian Ocean). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.62: 325–338.Search in Google Scholar

Perissinotto, R., D.R. Walker, P. Webb, T.H. Wooldridge and R. Bally. 2000. Relationships between zoo- and phytoplankton in a warm-temperate, semi-permanently closed estuary, South Africa. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.51: 1–11.10.1006/ecss.2000.0613Search in Google Scholar

Perissinotto, R., C. Nozais and I. Kibirige. 2002. Spatio-temporal dynamics of phytoplankton and microphytobenthos in a South African temporarily open estuary. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.54: 363–374.10.1006/ecss.2001.0885Search in Google Scholar

Perissinotto, R., C. Nozais, I. Kibirige and A. Anandraj. 2003. Planktonic food webs and benthic pelagic coupling in three South African temporarily open estuaries. Acta Oecol.24: S307–S316.10.1016/S1146-609X(03)00028-6Search in Google Scholar

Perissinotto, R., D. Stretch, A.T. Forbes, A. Connell, A. Blair, N.T. Demetriades, I. Zietsman, I. Kibirige, X. Thwala, C.M. Thomas, K. Iyer, H. Simpson and M.J. Joubert. 2004. Responses of the biological communities to flow variation and mouth state in two KwaZulu-Natal temporarily open/closed estuaries. Water Research Commission report K5/1247. Pretoria, South Africa. pp. 166.Search in Google Scholar

Pinckney, J. and R.G. Zingmark. 1993. Biomass and production of benthic microalgal communities in estuarine habitats. Estuaries16: 887–897.10.2307/1352447Search in Google Scholar

Rasmussen, M.B., K. Henriksen, K. and A. Jensen. 1983. Possible causes of temporal fluctuation in primary production of microphytobenthos in the Danish Wadden Sea. Mar. Biol.73: 109–114.10.1007/BF00406878Search in Google Scholar

Reddering, J.S.V. and K. Esterhuysen. 1987. The effects of river floods on sediment dispersal in small estuaries: a case study from East London. South Afric. J. Geol.90: 458–470.Search in Google Scholar

Rizzo, W.M., G.L. Lackey and R.R. Christian. 1992. Significance of euphotic subtidal sediments to oxygen and nutrient cycling in a temperate estuary. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.86: 51–61.10.3354/meps086051Search in Google Scholar

Schumann, E.H., J.L. Largier and J.H. Slinger. 1999. Estuarine hydrodynamics. In: (B.R. Allanson and D. Baird, eds) Estuaries of South Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 27–52.Search in Google Scholar

Shuman, F.R. and C.J. Lorenzen. 1975. Quantitative degradation of chlorophyll by a marine herbivore. Limnol. Oceanogr.20: 580–586.10.4319/lo.1975.20.4.0580Search in Google Scholar

Snow, G.C., J.B. Adams and G.C. Bate. 2000a. Effect of river flow on estuarine microalgal biomass and distribution. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.51: 255–266.10.1006/ecss.2000.0638Search in Google Scholar

Snow, G.C., G.C. Bate and J.B. Adams. 2000b. The effects of a single artificial freshwater release into the Kromme Estuary. 2. Microalgal response. Water S.A.26: 301–310.Search in Google Scholar

Sundbäck, K., L. Carlson, C. Nilsson, B. Jönsson, A. Wulff and S. Odmark. 1996. Response of benthic microalgal mats to drifting green algal mats. Aquat. Microb. Ecol.10: 195–205.10.3354/ame010195Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, C.M., R. Perissinotto and I. Kibirige. 2005. Phytoplankton biomass and size structure in two South African eutrophic, temporarily open/closed estuaries. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.65: 223–238.Search in Google Scholar

Underwood, G.J.C. 2004. Recovery rates and responses of intertidal benthic microalgae to disturbance. In: Abstract book of the ASLO 2004 Summer Meeting, Savannah 13-18 June 2004. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. p. 65.Search in Google Scholar

Underwood, G.J.C. and J. Kromkamp. 1999. Primary production by phytoplankton and microphytobenthos in estuaries. Adv. Ecol. Res.29: 93–153.10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60192-0Search in Google Scholar

Underwood, G.J.C., M. Boulcott, C.A. Raines and K. Waldron. 2004. Environmental effects on exopolymer production by marine benthic diatoms – dynamics, changes in composition and pathways of production. J. Phycol.40: 293–304.Search in Google Scholar

Welschmeyer, N.A. 1994. Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments. Limnol. Oceanogr.39: 1985–1992.10.4319/lo.1994.39.8.1985Search in Google Scholar

Whitfield, A.K. 1992. A characterization of southern African estuarine systems. South Afric. J. Aquat. Sci.18:89–103.10.1080/10183469.1992.9631327Search in Google Scholar

Whitfield, A.K. 1995. Available scientific information on individual South African estuarine systems. Water Research Commission report 577/1/95. Pretoria, South Africa. pp. 204.Search in Google Scholar

Wooldridge, T.H. and L. McGwynne. 1996. The estuarine environment. Institute for Coastal Research report C31. Port Elizabeth, South Africa. pp. 91.Search in Google Scholar

Zar, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall International, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. pp. 663.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2006-02-16
Published in Print: 2006-02-01

©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

Downloaded on 23.1.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/BOT.2006.002/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoqg4v5sjxJ2sI21uBcBiKcOoLbHqx9IF4a_wre_ziSTfsDQ0zlt
Scroll to top button