Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Tissue age as a factor affecting carrageenan quantity and quality in farmed Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty ex Silva

  • , , , and
Published/Copyright: February 16, 2006
Botanica Marina
From the journal Volume 49 Issue 1

Abstract

Carrageenan yield and quality from young and old tissues of Kappaphycus striatum “sacol” green variety were investigated using native and alkali-modified carrageenan extraction procedures. Dried apical (young) and basal (old) segments were pooled to produce 5 g of dried samples of each for carrageenan extraction. Mature tissues yielded greater amounts of carrageenan than young tissues. The latter exhibited higher gel strength, cohesiveness, viscosity properties and lower average-molecular weight than the mature, old tissues. FT-IR and 13C and 1H NMR analyses showed that both young and old tissues contained mostly the kappa-type repeating disaccharide sequences of 3-linked β-D-galactopyranose 4-sulfate (G4S) and 4-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-D-galactopyranose (DA). Moreover, the study showed that, as the algal thalli aged, the iota carrageenan (G4S-DA2S) and methlylated (G6M) carrageenan units (these were minor substituents in the major kappa-carrageenan repeating disaccharide unit) decreased in quantity. These differences suggest that the timing of galactan biosynthesis may be related to certain physiological and structural functions during the growth of the alga.

Keywords: average molecular weight; carrageenan; Kappaphycus striatum “sacol”; tissue age
:
Corresponding author

References

Aguilan, J.T., J.E. Broom, J.A. Hemmingson, F.M. Dayrit, M.N.E. Montaño, M.C.A. Dancel, M.R. Niñonuevo, and R.H. Furneaux. 2003. Structural analysis of carrageenan from farmed varieties of Philippine seaweed. Bot. Mar.46: 179–192.10.1515/BOT.2003.018Search in Google Scholar

Ayal, H.A. and B. Matsuhiro. 1987. Polysaccharide from nuclear phases of Iridaea ciliata and I. membranaceae.Hydrobiologia151/152: 531–534.10.1007/BF00046178Search in Google Scholar

Carter, A.R. and R.J. Anderson. 1986. Seasonal growth and agar contents in Gelidium pristoides (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from Port Alfred, South Africa. Bot. Mar.29: 117–123.10.1515/botm.1986.29.2.117Search in Google Scholar

Chen, L.C.-M, J. McLachlan, A.C. Neish and P.F. Shacklock. 1973. The ratio of kappa- to lambda-carrageenan in nuclear phases of the rhodophyceaen algae, Chondrus crispus and Gigartina stellata.J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K.53: 11–16.Search in Google Scholar

Cooper, A.R. 1989. Molecular weight averages and distribution functions. In: (A.R. Cooper, ed.) Determination of molecular weight. Wiley, New York. pp. 1–6.Search in Google Scholar

Craigie, J.S. 1990. Cell walls. In: (K.M. Cole and R.G. Sheath, eds) Biology of the red algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 221–257.Search in Google Scholar

Craigie, J.S. and Z.C. Wen. 1984. Effects of temperature and tissue age on gel strength and composition of agar from Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyceae). Can. J. Bot.62: 1665–1670.10.1139/b84-224Search in Google Scholar

Doty, M.S. 1985. Eucheuma alvarezii sp. nov. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Malaysia. In: (I.A. Abbott and J.H. Norris, eds) Taxonomy of economic seaweeds with reference to some Pacific and Caribbean species. California Sea Grant College Program, La Jolla, California. pp. 37–45.Search in Google Scholar

Hemmingson, J.A. and R.H. Furneaux. 1997. Biosynthetic activity and galactan composition in different regions of the thallus of Gracilaria chilensis Bird, McLachlan et Oliveira. Bot. Mar.40: 351–357.Search in Google Scholar

Hemmingson, J.A., R.H. Furneaux and H. Wong. 1996. In vivo conversion of 6-O-sulfo-L-galactopyranosyl residues into 3,6-anhydro-L-galactopyranosyl residues in Gracilaria chilensis Bird, McLachlan et Oliveira. Carbohydr. Res.296: 285–292.10.1016/S0008-6215(96)00247-9Search in Google Scholar

Hjerde, T., O. Smidsrod, B.T. Stokke and B.E. Christensen. 1998. Acid hydrolysis of κ- and ι-carrageenan: characterization of partially hydrolyzed samples and single stranded oligomers released from the ordered structures. Macromolecules31: 1842–1851.10.1021/ma9711506Search in Google Scholar

Jackson, S.G. and E.L. McCandless. 1978. Simple, rapid, turbidimetric determination of inorganic sulfate and/or protein. Analyt. Biochem.90: 802–808.Search in Google Scholar

Lahaye, M. 2001. Chemistry and physico-chemistry of phycocolloids. Cah. Biol. Mar.42: 137–157.Search in Google Scholar

Lechat, H., M. Amat, J. Mazoyer, D.J. Gallant, A. Buléon and M. Lahaye. 1997. Cell wall composition of the carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) partitioned by wet sieving. J. Appl. Phycol.9: 565–572.Search in Google Scholar

McCandless, E.L. 1981. Polysaccharides of seaweeds. In: (C.S. Lobban and M.J. Wynne, eds) The biology of seaweeds. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp. 559–588.Search in Google Scholar

McCandless, E.L. and J.S. Craigie. 1974. Reevaluation of seasonal factors involved in carrageenan production by Chondrus crispus: carrageenans of carposporic plants. Bot. Mar.17: 125–129.10.1515/botm.1974.17.3.125Search in Google Scholar

Medcalf, D.G. 1978. Sulfated fucose-containing polysaccharides from brown algae: structural features and biochemical implications. In: (R.G. Scheweiger, ed.) Carbohydrate sulfates. American Chemical Society Washington, D.C. pp. 226–244.Search in Google Scholar

Mendoza, W.G., N.E. Montaño, E.T. Ganzon-Fortes and R.D. Villanueva. 2002. Chemical and gelling profile of ice-ice infected carrageenan from Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty “sacol” strain (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). J. Appl. Phycol.14: 409–418.Search in Google Scholar

Murano, E., R. Toffanin, C. Pedersini, A. Carabot-Cuervo, G. Blunden and R. Rizzo. 1996. Structure and properties of agar from unexploited agarophytes from Venezuela. Hydrobiologia326/327: 497–500.10.1007/BF00047851Search in Google Scholar

Rey, D.K. and T.P. Labuza. 1981. Characterization of the effect of solutes on the water-binding and gel strength properties of carrageenan. J. Food Sci.46: 786–793.10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb15348.xSearch in Google Scholar

Rivera-Carro, H., J.S. Craigie and P.F. Shacklock. 1990. Influence of tissue source and growth rates on dry weight and carrageenan composition of Chondrus crispus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Hydrobiologia204/205: 533–538.10.1007/978-94-009-2049-1_76Search in Google Scholar

Rochas, C., M. Lahaye and W. Yaphe. 1986. Sulfate content of carrageenan and agar determined by infrared spectroscopy. Bot. Mar.29: 335–340.10.1515/botm.1986.29.4.335Search in Google Scholar

Rochas, C., M. Rinaudo and S. Landry. 1989. Relation between the molecular structure and mechanical properties of carrageenan gels. Carbohydr. Polym.10: 115–127.10.1016/0144-8617(89)90061-1Search in Google Scholar

Romero, J.B., N.E. Montaño, F.A. Merca, R.G.O. Rumbaoa and R.D. Villanueva. 2000. Effect of sucrose on some physical properties of different Philippine agars. Philipp. J. Sci.129: 7–13.Search in Google Scholar

Simpson, F.J. and P.F. Shacklock. 1979. The cultivation of Chondrus crispus. Effect of temperature on growth and carrageenan production. Bot. Mar.22: 295–298.10.1515/botm.1979.22.5.295Search in Google Scholar

Stancioff, D.J. and N.F. Stanley. 1969. Infrared and chemical studies on algal polysaccharides. Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp.6: 595–609.Search in Google Scholar

Stanley, N.F. 1990. Carrageenans. In: (P. Harris, ed.) Food gels. Elsevier Applied Science, London. pp. 79–119.Search in Google Scholar

Tojo, E. and J. Prado. 2003. A simple 1H NMR method for the quantification of carrageenans in blends. Carbohydr. Polym.53: 325–329.10.1016/S0144-8617(03)00080-8Search in Google Scholar

Trono, G.C., Jr. 1990. A review of the production technologies of tropical species of economic seaweeds. Vol. 2. Technical resource papers. Regional workshop on culture and utilisation of seaweeds. Bangkok, Regional Seafarming and Demonstration Project, Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia. pp. 1–28.Search in Google Scholar

Usov, A.I., 1984. NMR spectroscopy of red seaweed polysaccharides: agars, carrageenans, and xylans. Bot. Mar.27: 189–202.10.1515/botm.1984.27.5.189Search in Google Scholar

Usov, A.I., S.V. Yarotsky and A.S. Shashkov. 1980. 13C-NMR spectroscopy of red algal galactans. Biopolymers19: 977–990.10.1002/bip.1980.360190504Search in Google Scholar

Vreeland, V., E. Zablackis and W.M. Laetsch. 1992. Monoclonal antibodies as molecular markers for the intracellular and cell wall distribution of carrageenan epitopes in Kappaphycus (Rhodophyta) during tissue development. J. Phycol.28: 328–342.10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00328.xSearch in Google Scholar

Waaland, S.D. 1990. Development. In: (K.M. Cole and R.G. Sheath, eds) Biology of the red algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 259–273.Search in Google Scholar

Whyte, J.N.C., J.R. Englar and S.P.C. Hosford. 1984. Factors affecting texture profile evaluation of agar gels. Bot. Mar.27: 63–69.10.1515/botm.1984.27.2.63Search in Google Scholar

Yaphe, W. and G.P. Arsenault. 1965. Improved resorcinol reagent for the determination of fructose, and of 3,6-anhydrogalactose in polysaccharides. Analyt. Biochem.13: 143–148.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2006-02-16
Published in Print: 2006-02-01

©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Morphological and molecular evidence for multiple invasions of Codium fragile in Atlantic Canada
  2. Response of microphytobenthos to flow and trophic variation in two South African temporarily open/closed estuaries
  3. The prostrate system of the Gelidiales: diagnostic and taxonomic importance
  4. Variations in lipid composition among different developmental stages of Gracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyta)
  5. Intra-thallus phlorotannin content and antioxidant activity in Phaeophyceae of temperate waters
  6. Volatile compounds from some Black Sea red algae and their chemotaxonomic application
  7. Tissue age as a factor affecting carrageenan quantity and quality in farmed Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty ex Silva
  8. Carrageenan of Eucheuma isiforme (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Yucatán, Mexico. I. Effect of extraction conditions
  9. Carrageenan of Eucheuma isiforme (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Yucatán, Mexico. II. Seasonal variations in carrageenan and biochemical characteristics
  10. Evaluation of the structures of galactans from Carpopeltis sp., a member of the Halymeniales in the western Indian Ocean
  11. Evaluation of beneficial bacteria from mangrove soil
  12. Marine fungi on Nypa fruticans in Thailand
https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2006.007
Keywords for this article
average molecular weight; carrageenan; Kappaphycus striatum “sacol”; tissue age

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Morphological and molecular evidence for multiple invasions of Codium fragile in Atlantic Canada
  2. Response of microphytobenthos to flow and trophic variation in two South African temporarily open/closed estuaries
  3. The prostrate system of the Gelidiales: diagnostic and taxonomic importance
  4. Variations in lipid composition among different developmental stages of Gracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyta)
  5. Intra-thallus phlorotannin content and antioxidant activity in Phaeophyceae of temperate waters
  6. Volatile compounds from some Black Sea red algae and their chemotaxonomic application
  7. Tissue age as a factor affecting carrageenan quantity and quality in farmed Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty ex Silva
  8. Carrageenan of Eucheuma isiforme (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Yucatán, Mexico. I. Effect of extraction conditions
  9. Carrageenan of Eucheuma isiforme (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Yucatán, Mexico. II. Seasonal variations in carrageenan and biochemical characteristics
  10. Evaluation of the structures of galactans from Carpopeltis sp., a member of the Halymeniales in the western Indian Ocean
  11. Evaluation of beneficial bacteria from mangrove soil
  12. Marine fungi on Nypa fruticans in Thailand
Downloaded on 8.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/BOT.2006.007/html
Scroll to top button