Regulation of GTPases in the Bacterial Translation Machinery
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M. Sprinzl
Abstract
Several GTPases participate in bacterial protein biosynthesis. Initiation factor 2 controls the formation of the ribosomal initiation complex and places initiator fMet-tRNAfMet in the ribosomal P-site. Elongation factors Tu and G are responsible for codon-specific binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site, and peptidyltRNA to the P-site, respectively, during the elongation phase of protein biosynthesis. Release factor 3, a GTPase which is not ubiquitous, is involved in termination and release of the nascent polypeptide. Other translation factors, including initiation factors 1 and 3, elongation factor Ts, release factors 1 and 2, and ribosomal release factor do not belong to the family of GTP/GDP binding proteins. The guanosine nucleotide binding domains of the GTPases involved in translation are structurally related to the Gα subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and to the proteins of the Ras family.
We have identified and sequenced all genes coding for translation factors in the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus. The proteins were overproduced in Escherichia coli, purified, biochemically characterised and used for crystallisation and structural analysis. Further biochemical investigations were aimed at gaining insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of the GTPase activity of the translation factors, and to elucidate the role of their ribosomal binding sites in this process.
Copyright © 2000 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- Highlight: GTP Binding Proteins Central Regulators in Cell Biology
- Signal Transduction and Post-Transcriptional Gene Expression
- Regulation of GTPases in the Bacterial Translation Machinery
- GTPase Mechanisms and Functions of Translation Factors on the Ribosome
- The Role of Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Platelet Activation
- Upstream and Downstream of Ran GTPase
- Nogo-A, a Potent Inhibitor of Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration
- Rho GTPases as Targets of Bacterial Protein Toxins
- A Conserved Gβ Binding (GBB) Sequence Motif in Ste20p/PAK Family Protein Kinases
- Identification of a CpG Island in the Human LRP-2 Gene and Analysis of Its Methylation Status in Parathyroid Adenomas
- Theoretical Description of the Direct Exponential Amplification and Sequencing (DEXAS) Method
- Adenine Nucleotide N-Glycosidase Activity of the A-Chain of Cinnamomin Characterized by 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- Msb4p, a Protein Involved in Cdc42p-Dependent Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton, Is a Ypt/Rab-Specific GAP
- Muscle Phosphorylase Kinase Is Not a Substrate of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
- Cationic Lipopolyamines Induce Degradation of PrPSc in Scrapie-Infected Mouse Neuroblastoma Cells
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase D of Human Serum Activity Modulation by Naturally Occurring Amphiphiles
- Retrieval of the mrp2 Gene Encoded Conjugate Export Pump from the Canalicular Membrane Contributes to Cholestasis Induced by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide and Chloro-Dinitrobenzene
- Matrix Metalloproteinases-2, -3, -7, -9 and -10, But Not MMP-11, Are Differentially Expressed in Normal, Benign Tumorigenic and Malignant Human Keratinocyte Cell Lines
- Human Keratinocyte Cell Lines Differ in the Expression of the Collagenolytic Matrix Metallo-proteinases-1, -8, and -13 and of TIMP-1
- Inducibility of the Streptomyces traRts107-Ptra Expression Cassette in Mycobacterium smegmatis
- Shortest Known Prion Protein Allele in Highly BSE-Susceptible Lemurs
- Prostaglandin Deficiency Promotes Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase
Articles in the same Issue
- Highlight: GTP Binding Proteins Central Regulators in Cell Biology
- Signal Transduction and Post-Transcriptional Gene Expression
- Regulation of GTPases in the Bacterial Translation Machinery
- GTPase Mechanisms and Functions of Translation Factors on the Ribosome
- The Role of Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Platelet Activation
- Upstream and Downstream of Ran GTPase
- Nogo-A, a Potent Inhibitor of Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration
- Rho GTPases as Targets of Bacterial Protein Toxins
- A Conserved Gβ Binding (GBB) Sequence Motif in Ste20p/PAK Family Protein Kinases
- Identification of a CpG Island in the Human LRP-2 Gene and Analysis of Its Methylation Status in Parathyroid Adenomas
- Theoretical Description of the Direct Exponential Amplification and Sequencing (DEXAS) Method
- Adenine Nucleotide N-Glycosidase Activity of the A-Chain of Cinnamomin Characterized by 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- Msb4p, a Protein Involved in Cdc42p-Dependent Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton, Is a Ypt/Rab-Specific GAP
- Muscle Phosphorylase Kinase Is Not a Substrate of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
- Cationic Lipopolyamines Induce Degradation of PrPSc in Scrapie-Infected Mouse Neuroblastoma Cells
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase D of Human Serum Activity Modulation by Naturally Occurring Amphiphiles
- Retrieval of the mrp2 Gene Encoded Conjugate Export Pump from the Canalicular Membrane Contributes to Cholestasis Induced by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide and Chloro-Dinitrobenzene
- Matrix Metalloproteinases-2, -3, -7, -9 and -10, But Not MMP-11, Are Differentially Expressed in Normal, Benign Tumorigenic and Malignant Human Keratinocyte Cell Lines
- Human Keratinocyte Cell Lines Differ in the Expression of the Collagenolytic Matrix Metallo-proteinases-1, -8, and -13 and of TIMP-1
- Inducibility of the Streptomyces traRts107-Ptra Expression Cassette in Mycobacterium smegmatis
- Shortest Known Prion Protein Allele in Highly BSE-Susceptible Lemurs
- Prostaglandin Deficiency Promotes Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase
