6 Simultaneous remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in wastewater with zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZVI-TiO2)
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Peter Mensah
Abstract
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HM) in wastewater is a major challenge to the environment as various approaches have been used to remediate these contaminants from the environment. Zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticle (ZVI-TiO2 NPs) was synthesized by wet reflux in an inert environment using nitrogen gas and sodium borohydride as reducing agents. Characterization was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with electron diffraction X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Assessments of the wastewater were carried out with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for HM and a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GCMS) for PAHs to determine the initial concentration (Ci) compared with permissible limits of surface water and adsorption capacity with ZVI-TiO2 NPs (Cf), respectively. The results obtained indicate a percentage yield of 65.51 ± 0.01 of ZVI-TiO2 NPs, with a particle size of 100 nm, weight composition of iron, titanium, and oxygen at 49.69, 5.24, and 35.41 g, respectively. FTIR shows a vibrational change of 3465, 2929, and 1641 cm−1 of OH, CH, and CO group needed for metal binding and adsorption. Remediation of HM after acid digestion gave effective removal of zinc, copper, cadmium, cobalt, and lead at an adsorption capacity of 64.29, 54.83, 53.13, 48.39, and 42.66% respectively. The adsorptions of benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and perylene were 77.87, 67.85, 52.17, 29.50, and 25.45%, respectively. These results indicate that metal/metal oxide (ZVI-TiO2) nanoparticles have a high potential in the remediation of heavy metals and PAHs from the water ecosystem.
Abstract
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HM) in wastewater is a major challenge to the environment as various approaches have been used to remediate these contaminants from the environment. Zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticle (ZVI-TiO2 NPs) was synthesized by wet reflux in an inert environment using nitrogen gas and sodium borohydride as reducing agents. Characterization was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with electron diffraction X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Assessments of the wastewater were carried out with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for HM and a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GCMS) for PAHs to determine the initial concentration (Ci) compared with permissible limits of surface water and adsorption capacity with ZVI-TiO2 NPs (Cf), respectively. The results obtained indicate a percentage yield of 65.51 ± 0.01 of ZVI-TiO2 NPs, with a particle size of 100 nm, weight composition of iron, titanium, and oxygen at 49.69, 5.24, and 35.41 g, respectively. FTIR shows a vibrational change of 3465, 2929, and 1641 cm−1 of OH, CH, and CO group needed for metal binding and adsorption. Remediation of HM after acid digestion gave effective removal of zinc, copper, cadmium, cobalt, and lead at an adsorption capacity of 64.29, 54.83, 53.13, 48.39, and 42.66% respectively. The adsorptions of benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and perylene were 77.87, 67.85, 52.17, 29.50, and 25.45%, respectively. These results indicate that metal/metal oxide (ZVI-TiO2) nanoparticles have a high potential in the remediation of heavy metals and PAHs from the water ecosystem.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- A virtual conference on chemistry and its applications (VCCA-2021) was organized online from 9th to 13th August 2021 V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XIII
- 1 Performance and kinetics of a fluidized bed anaerobic reactor treating distillery effluent 1
- 2 Sustainability of ameliorative potentials of urea spiked poultry manure biochar types in simulated sodic soils 15
- 3 Effects of alum, soda ash, and carbon dioxide on 40–50 year old concrete wastewater tanks 29
- 4 A review of sludge production in South Africa municipal wastewater treatment plants, analysis of handling cost and potential minimization methods 39
- 5 A comparison of two digestion methods and heavy metals determination in sediments 51
- 6 Simultaneous remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in wastewater with zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZVI-TiO2) 71
- 7 Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two xanthones derivatives isolated from the leaves extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae) 81
- 8 Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade 93
- 9 Cytotoxicity test and antibacterial assay on the compound produced by the isolation and modification of artonin E from Artocarpus kemando Miq. 105
- 10 Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the stem bark of Archidendron jiringa ( Jack) I.C. Nielsen 123
- 11 Fabaceae: a significant flavonoid source for plant and human health 135
- 12 Developing a questionnaire for diabetes mellitus type 2 risk effects and precondition factors – multivariate statistical paths 147
- 13 Chromatographic characterization of the fusion protein SARS-CoV-2 S protein (RBD)-hFc 161
- Index 173
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- A virtual conference on chemistry and its applications (VCCA-2021) was organized online from 9th to 13th August 2021 V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XIII
- 1 Performance and kinetics of a fluidized bed anaerobic reactor treating distillery effluent 1
- 2 Sustainability of ameliorative potentials of urea spiked poultry manure biochar types in simulated sodic soils 15
- 3 Effects of alum, soda ash, and carbon dioxide on 40–50 year old concrete wastewater tanks 29
- 4 A review of sludge production in South Africa municipal wastewater treatment plants, analysis of handling cost and potential minimization methods 39
- 5 A comparison of two digestion methods and heavy metals determination in sediments 51
- 6 Simultaneous remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in wastewater with zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZVI-TiO2) 71
- 7 Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two xanthones derivatives isolated from the leaves extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae) 81
- 8 Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade 93
- 9 Cytotoxicity test and antibacterial assay on the compound produced by the isolation and modification of artonin E from Artocarpus kemando Miq. 105
- 10 Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the stem bark of Archidendron jiringa ( Jack) I.C. Nielsen 123
- 11 Fabaceae: a significant flavonoid source for plant and human health 135
- 12 Developing a questionnaire for diabetes mellitus type 2 risk effects and precondition factors – multivariate statistical paths 147
- 13 Chromatographic characterization of the fusion protein SARS-CoV-2 S protein (RBD)-hFc 161
- Index 173
