5 A comparison of two digestion methods and heavy metals determination in sediments
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Chima F. Nnodum
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of heavy metal concentrations in sediments and also involves a comparison of two different digestion protocols. The first digestion procedure was done with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid while the second digestion method was done using the United States Environmental Protection Agency method 3052 which comprises nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen peroxide. The sediment samples were analyzed for cadmium, copper, iron, lead, zinc, chromium, manganese, nickel (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn Cr, Mn, and Ni) with the aid of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentrations of metals ranged 0-7.0 mg/kg for Cr, 0.5-20.0 mg/kg for Cd, 10.8-112.0 mg/kg for Fe, 0.10-7.20 mg/kg for Pb, 45.69-184.96 mg/kg for Cu, 1.0-73.75 mg/kg for Zn, 1.5-19.7 mg/kg for Mn and nd −3.0 mg/kg for Ni. The order of concentrations of the metals in the samples are Cu > Fe > Zn > Cd > Mn > Pb > Cr > Ni. The second digestion method yielded higher levels of metal concentration. Comparison with the World Health Organization (W.H.O) standards for marine sediments showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals were within the permissible limits. Close monitoring and more publicity are further needed to discourage further pollution of the area.
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of heavy metal concentrations in sediments and also involves a comparison of two different digestion protocols. The first digestion procedure was done with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid while the second digestion method was done using the United States Environmental Protection Agency method 3052 which comprises nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen peroxide. The sediment samples were analyzed for cadmium, copper, iron, lead, zinc, chromium, manganese, nickel (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn Cr, Mn, and Ni) with the aid of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentrations of metals ranged 0-7.0 mg/kg for Cr, 0.5-20.0 mg/kg for Cd, 10.8-112.0 mg/kg for Fe, 0.10-7.20 mg/kg for Pb, 45.69-184.96 mg/kg for Cu, 1.0-73.75 mg/kg for Zn, 1.5-19.7 mg/kg for Mn and nd −3.0 mg/kg for Ni. The order of concentrations of the metals in the samples are Cu > Fe > Zn > Cd > Mn > Pb > Cr > Ni. The second digestion method yielded higher levels of metal concentration. Comparison with the World Health Organization (W.H.O) standards for marine sediments showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals were within the permissible limits. Close monitoring and more publicity are further needed to discourage further pollution of the area.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- A virtual conference on chemistry and its applications (VCCA-2021) was organized online from 9th to 13th August 2021 V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XIII
- 1 Performance and kinetics of a fluidized bed anaerobic reactor treating distillery effluent 1
- 2 Sustainability of ameliorative potentials of urea spiked poultry manure biochar types in simulated sodic soils 15
- 3 Effects of alum, soda ash, and carbon dioxide on 40–50 year old concrete wastewater tanks 29
- 4 A review of sludge production in South Africa municipal wastewater treatment plants, analysis of handling cost and potential minimization methods 39
- 5 A comparison of two digestion methods and heavy metals determination in sediments 51
- 6 Simultaneous remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in wastewater with zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZVI-TiO2) 71
- 7 Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two xanthones derivatives isolated from the leaves extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae) 81
- 8 Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade 93
- 9 Cytotoxicity test and antibacterial assay on the compound produced by the isolation and modification of artonin E from Artocarpus kemando Miq. 105
- 10 Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the stem bark of Archidendron jiringa ( Jack) I.C. Nielsen 123
- 11 Fabaceae: a significant flavonoid source for plant and human health 135
- 12 Developing a questionnaire for diabetes mellitus type 2 risk effects and precondition factors – multivariate statistical paths 147
- 13 Chromatographic characterization of the fusion protein SARS-CoV-2 S protein (RBD)-hFc 161
- Index 173
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- A virtual conference on chemistry and its applications (VCCA-2021) was organized online from 9th to 13th August 2021 V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XIII
- 1 Performance and kinetics of a fluidized bed anaerobic reactor treating distillery effluent 1
- 2 Sustainability of ameliorative potentials of urea spiked poultry manure biochar types in simulated sodic soils 15
- 3 Effects of alum, soda ash, and carbon dioxide on 40–50 year old concrete wastewater tanks 29
- 4 A review of sludge production in South Africa municipal wastewater treatment plants, analysis of handling cost and potential minimization methods 39
- 5 A comparison of two digestion methods and heavy metals determination in sediments 51
- 6 Simultaneous remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in wastewater with zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZVI-TiO2) 71
- 7 Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two xanthones derivatives isolated from the leaves extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae) 81
- 8 Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade 93
- 9 Cytotoxicity test and antibacterial assay on the compound produced by the isolation and modification of artonin E from Artocarpus kemando Miq. 105
- 10 Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the stem bark of Archidendron jiringa ( Jack) I.C. Nielsen 123
- 11 Fabaceae: a significant flavonoid source for plant and human health 135
- 12 Developing a questionnaire for diabetes mellitus type 2 risk effects and precondition factors – multivariate statistical paths 147
- 13 Chromatographic characterization of the fusion protein SARS-CoV-2 S protein (RBD)-hFc 161
- Index 173
