9 Recent developments in the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of acridine and xanthine-based molecules
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Sasadhar Majhi
Abstract
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and development of abnormal cells which is a major cause of death in both advanced and emerging countries. Although currently chemotherapy is most broadly used among an extensive range of anti-cancer therapies, it includes many demerits, such as highly toxic, side-effects, expensive and partial lack of targeting specificity. So the design and synthesis of new molecules that perform specifically on target proteins in tumor cells is a focus of contemporary research. So many researchers aim for new drugs that will be more efficient, more selective, and less toxic. Because of the interesting structures and significant biological profile, naturally occurring acridines and xanthines as well as their analogues have attracted considerable interest in researchers and technologists. Natural and synthetic acridine derivatives form a significant category of heterocycles having nitrogen that is of considerable interest for organic chemists and biological communities due to their attractive anti-cancer activity. Another important class of therapeutic agents with diverse biological properties including cytotoxic effects is xanthine derivatives which are collectively called xanthines (a group of alkaloids). Among many significant molecules based on the structure of the purine, there is a group of natural xanthines, involving theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline and analogues of xanthine display anti-cancer activity. Hence the present chapter wishes to concentrate the attention on the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of acridine and xanthine-based compounds brilliantly.
Abstract
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and development of abnormal cells which is a major cause of death in both advanced and emerging countries. Although currently chemotherapy is most broadly used among an extensive range of anti-cancer therapies, it includes many demerits, such as highly toxic, side-effects, expensive and partial lack of targeting specificity. So the design and synthesis of new molecules that perform specifically on target proteins in tumor cells is a focus of contemporary research. So many researchers aim for new drugs that will be more efficient, more selective, and less toxic. Because of the interesting structures and significant biological profile, naturally occurring acridines and xanthines as well as their analogues have attracted considerable interest in researchers and technologists. Natural and synthetic acridine derivatives form a significant category of heterocycles having nitrogen that is of considerable interest for organic chemists and biological communities due to their attractive anti-cancer activity. Another important class of therapeutic agents with diverse biological properties including cytotoxic effects is xanthine derivatives which are collectively called xanthines (a group of alkaloids). Among many significant molecules based on the structure of the purine, there is a group of natural xanthines, involving theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline and analogues of xanthine display anti-cancer activity. Hence the present chapter wishes to concentrate the attention on the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of acridine and xanthine-based compounds brilliantly.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface VII
- Contents IX
- List of contributing authors XVII
- 1 Naturally occurring, natural product inspired and synthetic heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs 1
- 2 Naturally occurring heterocyclic anticancer compounds 55
- 3 Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone) derived anticancer agents 83
- 4 Advances in heterocycles as DNA intercalating cancer drugs 111
- 5 Recent advances of heterocycle based anticancer hybrids 161
- 6 Fused pyrrolo-pyridines and pyrrolo-(iso) quinoline as anticancer agents 185
- 7 Updates on the versatile quinoline heterocycles as anticancer agents 249
- 8 Recent development of imidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents 267
- 9 Recent developments in the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of acridine and xanthine-based molecules 307
- 10 Synthesis of new horizons in benzothiazole scaffold and used in anticancer drug development 343
- 11 Triazine based chemical entities for anticancer activity 387
- 12 Anticancer properties of arylchromenes and arylchromans: an overview 419
- 13 Anticancer potential of indole derivatives: an update 453
- 14 Indole based prostate cancer agents 479
- Index 503
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface VII
- Contents IX
- List of contributing authors XVII
- 1 Naturally occurring, natural product inspired and synthetic heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs 1
- 2 Naturally occurring heterocyclic anticancer compounds 55
- 3 Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone) derived anticancer agents 83
- 4 Advances in heterocycles as DNA intercalating cancer drugs 111
- 5 Recent advances of heterocycle based anticancer hybrids 161
- 6 Fused pyrrolo-pyridines and pyrrolo-(iso) quinoline as anticancer agents 185
- 7 Updates on the versatile quinoline heterocycles as anticancer agents 249
- 8 Recent development of imidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents 267
- 9 Recent developments in the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of acridine and xanthine-based molecules 307
- 10 Synthesis of new horizons in benzothiazole scaffold and used in anticancer drug development 343
- 11 Triazine based chemical entities for anticancer activity 387
- 12 Anticancer properties of arylchromenes and arylchromans: an overview 419
- 13 Anticancer potential of indole derivatives: an update 453
- 14 Indole based prostate cancer agents 479
- Index 503
