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Nash Dynamics, Meritocratic Matching, and Cooperation

  • Heinrich H. Nax , Ryan O. Murphy und Dirk Helbing
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Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation

Abstract

John F Nash (1950) proposed dynamics for repeated interactions according to which agents myopically play individual best-responses against their observations of other agents’ past play. Such dynamics converge to Nash equilibria. Without suitable mechanisms, this means that best-response dynamics can lead to low levels of cooperative behavior and thus to inefficient outcomes in social dilemma games. Here, we discuss the theoretical predictions of these dynamics in a variety of social dilemmas and assess these in light of behavioral evidence. We particularly focus on “meritocratic matching”, a class of mechanisms that leads to both low cooperation (inefficient) and high cooperation (near-efficient) equilibria (Gunnthorsdottir et al. 2010; Nax, Murphy, and Helbing 2014; Nax et al. 2015). Most behavioral theories derived from related social dilemmas cannot explain the behavioral evidence for this class of games, but Nash dynamics provide a very satisfactory explanation. We also argue that Nash dynamics provide a parsimonious account of behavioral results for several different social dilemmas, with the exception of the linear public goods game.

Abstract

John F Nash (1950) proposed dynamics for repeated interactions according to which agents myopically play individual best-responses against their observations of other agents’ past play. Such dynamics converge to Nash equilibria. Without suitable mechanisms, this means that best-response dynamics can lead to low levels of cooperative behavior and thus to inefficient outcomes in social dilemma games. Here, we discuss the theoretical predictions of these dynamics in a variety of social dilemmas and assess these in light of behavioral evidence. We particularly focus on “meritocratic matching”, a class of mechanisms that leads to both low cooperation (inefficient) and high cooperation (near-efficient) equilibria (Gunnthorsdottir et al. 2010; Nax, Murphy, and Helbing 2014; Nax et al. 2015). Most behavioral theories derived from related social dilemmas cannot explain the behavioral evidence for this class of games, but Nash dynamics provide a very satisfactory explanation. We also argue that Nash dynamics provide a parsimonious account of behavioral results for several different social dilemmas, with the exception of the linear public goods game.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface VII
  3. Contents IX
  4. Part I: Foundations
  5. Introduction 3
  6. Micro-Macro Models in Sociology: Antecedents of Coleman’s Diagram 11
  7. Part II: Institutions
  8. The Kula Ring of Bronislaw Malinowski: Simulating the Co-Evolution of an Economic and Ceremonial Exchange System 39
  9. From the Savannah to the Magistrate’s Court 61
  10. The Dependence of Human Cognitive and Motivational Processes on Institutional Systems 85
  11. Social Dilemmas and Solutions in Immunizations 107
  12. Part III: Social Norms
  13. When Do People Follow Norms and When Do They Pursue Their Interests? 119
  14. Personal Exposure to Unfavorable Environmental Conditions: Does it Stimulate Environmental Activism? 143
  15. Cooperation and Career Chances in Science 165
  16. Social Dilemmas in Science: Detecting Misconduct and Finding Institutional Solutions 189
  17. The Interplay of Social Status and Reciprocity 215
  18. Part IV: Peer-Sanctioning
  19. Types of Normative Conflicts and the Effectiveness of Punishment 239
  20. Social Status and Peer-Punishment: Findings from Two Road Traffic Field Experiments 259
  21. The Double Edge of Counter-Sanctions. Is Peer Sanctioning Robust to Counter-Punishment but Vulnerable to Counter-Reward? 279
  22. Diffusion of Responsibility in Norm Enforcement 303
  23. Endogenous Peer Punishment Institutions in Prisoner’s Dilemmas: The Role of Noise 327
  24. Part V: Trust and Trustworthiness
  25. Cooperation and Distrust – a Contradiction? 357
  26. Signaling Theory Evolving: Signals and Signs of Trustworthiness in Social Exchange 373
  27. Trust and Promises as Friendly Advances 393
  28. Online Reputation in eBay Auctions: Damaging and Rebuilding Trustworthiness Through Feedback Comments from Buyers and Sellers 421
  29. Part VI: Game Theory
  30. Nash Dynamics, Meritocratic Matching, and Cooperation 447
  31. A Note on the Strategic Determination of the Required Number of Volunteers 471
  32. Is No News Bad News? A Hostage Trust Game with Incomplete Information and Fairness Considerations of the Trustee 481
  33. Part VII: Experimental Methods
  34. When Prediction Fails 505
  35. Measuring Social Preferences on Amazon Mechanical Turk 527
  36. Repetition Effects in Laboratory Experiments 547
  37. Notes on the Editors and Contributors 567
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110472974-021

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface VII
  3. Contents IX
  4. Part I: Foundations
  5. Introduction 3
  6. Micro-Macro Models in Sociology: Antecedents of Coleman’s Diagram 11
  7. Part II: Institutions
  8. The Kula Ring of Bronislaw Malinowski: Simulating the Co-Evolution of an Economic and Ceremonial Exchange System 39
  9. From the Savannah to the Magistrate’s Court 61
  10. The Dependence of Human Cognitive and Motivational Processes on Institutional Systems 85
  11. Social Dilemmas and Solutions in Immunizations 107
  12. Part III: Social Norms
  13. When Do People Follow Norms and When Do They Pursue Their Interests? 119
  14. Personal Exposure to Unfavorable Environmental Conditions: Does it Stimulate Environmental Activism? 143
  15. Cooperation and Career Chances in Science 165
  16. Social Dilemmas in Science: Detecting Misconduct and Finding Institutional Solutions 189
  17. The Interplay of Social Status and Reciprocity 215
  18. Part IV: Peer-Sanctioning
  19. Types of Normative Conflicts and the Effectiveness of Punishment 239
  20. Social Status and Peer-Punishment: Findings from Two Road Traffic Field Experiments 259
  21. The Double Edge of Counter-Sanctions. Is Peer Sanctioning Robust to Counter-Punishment but Vulnerable to Counter-Reward? 279
  22. Diffusion of Responsibility in Norm Enforcement 303
  23. Endogenous Peer Punishment Institutions in Prisoner’s Dilemmas: The Role of Noise 327
  24. Part V: Trust and Trustworthiness
  25. Cooperation and Distrust – a Contradiction? 357
  26. Signaling Theory Evolving: Signals and Signs of Trustworthiness in Social Exchange 373
  27. Trust and Promises as Friendly Advances 393
  28. Online Reputation in eBay Auctions: Damaging and Rebuilding Trustworthiness Through Feedback Comments from Buyers and Sellers 421
  29. Part VI: Game Theory
  30. Nash Dynamics, Meritocratic Matching, and Cooperation 447
  31. A Note on the Strategic Determination of the Required Number of Volunteers 471
  32. Is No News Bad News? A Hostage Trust Game with Incomplete Information and Fairness Considerations of the Trustee 481
  33. Part VII: Experimental Methods
  34. When Prediction Fails 505
  35. Measuring Social Preferences on Amazon Mechanical Turk 527
  36. Repetition Effects in Laboratory Experiments 547
  37. Notes on the Editors and Contributors 567
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Heruntergeladen am 2.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110472974-021/html?lang=de
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