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35. Die Karikatur

  • Wolfgang Brassat and Thomas Knieper
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Handbuch Rhetorik der Bildenden Künste
This chapter is in the book Handbuch Rhetorik der Bildenden Künste

Abstract

A caricature is an exaggerated and distorted image of a person, which is characterized by visual likeness, immediate recognizability, and pictorial wit, irony, or satire. This visual burlesque can be jesting or insulting. Often a caricature offends the sensibilities of a depicted person. Etymologically the word “caricature” originates from the Italian verb caricare, which means “to load” or “to overload”, and the noun caricatura. Both words first appear in Italy in 1646. It was Annibale Carracci who employed caricare for sketchy, satirical, and exaggerated portrait drawings, which denied the ideal of beauty. The caricatura was further developed by Gianlorenzo Bernini, Pier Leone Ghezzi and others. Invented as an atelier joke, it usually served as amusement for courtly pleasure. Beginning with the late 18th century the printed caricature became an important political medium, which was used by all political forces in the 19th century. Starting with the Parisian La Caricature and Le Charivari numerous cartoon magazines commenting on all political affairs were published all over Europe and many countries abroad. The caricature also gained importance in aesthetical debates and was accepted as a serious art form by Charles Baudelaire. In the late 19th century the genre played an important role in the rise of racist antisemitism. The development of photography, which was used by the daily press since the 1920s to represent political events and their protagonists, initiated the decline of the caricature.

Abstract

A caricature is an exaggerated and distorted image of a person, which is characterized by visual likeness, immediate recognizability, and pictorial wit, irony, or satire. This visual burlesque can be jesting or insulting. Often a caricature offends the sensibilities of a depicted person. Etymologically the word “caricature” originates from the Italian verb caricare, which means “to load” or “to overload”, and the noun caricatura. Both words first appear in Italy in 1646. It was Annibale Carracci who employed caricare for sketchy, satirical, and exaggerated portrait drawings, which denied the ideal of beauty. The caricatura was further developed by Gianlorenzo Bernini, Pier Leone Ghezzi and others. Invented as an atelier joke, it usually served as amusement for courtly pleasure. Beginning with the late 18th century the printed caricature became an important political medium, which was used by all political forces in the 19th century. Starting with the Parisian La Caricature and Le Charivari numerous cartoon magazines commenting on all political affairs were published all over Europe and many countries abroad. The caricature also gained importance in aesthetical debates and was accepted as a serious art form by Charles Baudelaire. In the late 19th century the genre played an important role in the rise of racist antisemitism. The development of photography, which was used by the daily press since the 1920s to represent political events and their protagonists, initiated the decline of the caricature.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Vorwort der Reihenherausgeber V
  3. Inhaltsverzeichnis VII
  4. Abkürzungsverzeichnis XI
  5. 0. Einführung 1
  6. Grundlegung
  7. 1. Ut pictura poesis 45
  8. 2. Die Gattung der Ekphrasis 63
  9. Antike
  10. 3. Künstler und Gesellschaft in der Antike 91
  11. 4. Rhetorik und Kunsttheorie in der Antike 111
  12. 5. Die Rhetorik der griechischen Skulptur 125
  13. Mittelalter
  14. 6. Künstler und Gesellschaft im Mittelalter 151
  15. 7. Kunst, Kunsttheorie und Rhetorik im Mittelalter 169
  16. 8. Rhetoric and Artistry in Early Byzantium 185
  17. 9. Giotto di Bondone 207
  18. Renaissance und Manierismus
  19. 10. Künstler und Gesellschaft in Renaissance und Manierismus 229
  20. 11. Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472): De Pictura 253
  21. 12. Giorgio Vasaris Vite 269
  22. 13. Der Paragone 283
  23. 14. Die Malerei der Renaissance und des Manierismus 313
  24. 15. Die Skulptur der Renaissance und des Manierismus 337
  25. 16. Die Architektur der Renaissance und des Manierismus 367
  26. 17. Die Grafik der Renaissance und des Manierismus 389
  27. Barock und Klassizismus
  28. 18. Künstler und Gesellschaft im Barock 417
  29. 19. Die Kunsttheorie des Barock 435
  30. 20. Die Kunsttheorie des Klassizismus 451
  31. 21. Die Malerei des Barock 471
  32. 22. Barocke Deckenmalerei 495
  33. 23. Die Skulptur des Barock und Rokoko 513
  34. 24. Barockarchitektur und Rhetorik: Das Berliner Schloss 535
  35. 25. Die Allegorie 555
  36. 26. Barocke Thesenblätter 577
  37. 27. Das Erhabene 595
  38. Moderne und Postmoderne
  39. 28. Künstler und Gesellschaft in Moderne und Postmoderne 631
  40. 29. Die Ästhetik 657
  41. 30. Spuren der Rhetorik in romantischen Entwürfen einer Theorie der bildenden Künste 671
  42. 31. Die Gegenwart unter dem Versprechen künftiger Epiphanie. Baudelaire und Apollinaire über die Moderne als sich selbst unbekannte Epoche 691
  43. 32. Die Kunstgeschichte 711
  44. 33. Malerei als politisches Medium: David, Goya, Delacroix, Courbet 729
  45. 34. Die Rhetorik des Denkmals 749
  46. 35. Die Karikatur 773
  47. 36. Zur Rhetorik in der Kunst der Postmoderne 797
  48. Die Beiträgerinnen und Beiträger 819
  49. Abbildungsnachweise 825
  50. Index 829
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