Startseite Linguistik & Semiotik Chapter 14. A unified model of first and second language learning
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Chapter 14. A unified model of first and second language learning

  • Brian MacWhinney
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Sources of Variation in First Language Acquisition
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Sources of Variation in First Language Acquisition

Abstract

The Unified Competition Model views first and second language learning as depending on a shared set of socio-cognitive processes. Differences between the two types of acquisition depend not on the expiration of a critical period, but on the operation of the risk factors of entrenchment, transfer, overanalysis, and isolation. Entrenchment is a neural process that arises from ongoing use of L1 across years. Transfer and parasitism arise from the dominance of L1 during initial L2 learning. Overanalysis stems from the tendency of adult learners to focus on content words, rather than phrases. Isolation arises from the tendency over time for L1 groups to reject the participation of out-group members and from increasing demands for the L1 group. These risk factors can be countered through the processes of resonance, decoupling, chunking, and participation that are available to all learners, but which must become sharpened to promote L2 acquisition.

Abstract

The Unified Competition Model views first and second language learning as depending on a shared set of socio-cognitive processes. Differences between the two types of acquisition depend not on the expiration of a critical period, but on the operation of the risk factors of entrenchment, transfer, overanalysis, and isolation. Entrenchment is a neural process that arises from ongoing use of L1 across years. Transfer and parasitism arise from the dominance of L1 during initial L2 learning. Overanalysis stems from the tendency of adult learners to focus on content words, rather than phrases. Isolation arises from the tendency over time for L1 groups to reject the participation of out-group members and from increasing demands for the L1 group. These risk factors can be countered through the processes of resonance, decoupling, chunking, and participation that are available to all learners, but which must become sharpened to promote L2 acquisition.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. List of authors (alphabetical) vii
  4. Introduction. What can variation tell us about first language acquisition? 1
  5. Part I. Universals and cross-linguistic variation in acquisition
  6. Chapter 1. Templates in child language 27
  7. Chapter 2. Phonological categories and their manifestation in child phonology 45
  8. Chapter 3. Bootstrapping lexical and syntactic acquisition 63
  9. Chapter 4. Retrieving meaning from noun and verb grammatical contexts 81
  10. Chapter 5. Language-specificity in motion expression 103
  11. Chapter 6. Cross-linguistic variation in children’s multimodal utterances 123
  12. Chapter 7. Gesture and speech in adults’ and children’s narratives 139
  13. Part II. Variation in input and contexts during acquisition
  14. Chapter 8. Conversational partners and common ground 163
  15. Chapter 9. Invariance in variation 183
  16. Chapter 10. New perspectives on input-output dynamics 201
  17. Chapter 11. Referential features, speech genres and activity types 219
  18. Chapter 12. Development of discourse competence 243
  19. Chapter 13. Texting by 12-year-olds 265
  20. Part III. Variation in types of acquisition and types of learners
  21. Chapter 14. A unified model of first and second language learning 287
  22. Chapter 15. Online sentence processing in simultaneous French/Swedish bilinguals 313
  23. Chapter 16. The blossoming of negation in gesture, sign and oral productions 339
  24. Chapter 17. Motion expression in children’s acquisition of French Sign Language 365
  25. Chapter 18. Early predictors of language development in Autism Spectrum Disorder 391
  26. Chapter 19. Spoken and written narratives from French- and English-speaking children with Language Impairment\ 409
  27. Chapter 20. Non-literal language comprehension 427
  28. Language index 439
  29. Subject index 440
https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.22.15mac

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. List of authors (alphabetical) vii
  4. Introduction. What can variation tell us about first language acquisition? 1
  5. Part I. Universals and cross-linguistic variation in acquisition
  6. Chapter 1. Templates in child language 27
  7. Chapter 2. Phonological categories and their manifestation in child phonology 45
  8. Chapter 3. Bootstrapping lexical and syntactic acquisition 63
  9. Chapter 4. Retrieving meaning from noun and verb grammatical contexts 81
  10. Chapter 5. Language-specificity in motion expression 103
  11. Chapter 6. Cross-linguistic variation in children’s multimodal utterances 123
  12. Chapter 7. Gesture and speech in adults’ and children’s narratives 139
  13. Part II. Variation in input and contexts during acquisition
  14. Chapter 8. Conversational partners and common ground 163
  15. Chapter 9. Invariance in variation 183
  16. Chapter 10. New perspectives on input-output dynamics 201
  17. Chapter 11. Referential features, speech genres and activity types 219
  18. Chapter 12. Development of discourse competence 243
  19. Chapter 13. Texting by 12-year-olds 265
  20. Part III. Variation in types of acquisition and types of learners
  21. Chapter 14. A unified model of first and second language learning 287
  22. Chapter 15. Online sentence processing in simultaneous French/Swedish bilinguals 313
  23. Chapter 16. The blossoming of negation in gesture, sign and oral productions 339
  24. Chapter 17. Motion expression in children’s acquisition of French Sign Language 365
  25. Chapter 18. Early predictors of language development in Autism Spectrum Disorder 391
  26. Chapter 19. Spoken and written narratives from French- and English-speaking children with Language Impairment\ 409
  27. Chapter 20. Non-literal language comprehension 427
  28. Language index 439
  29. Subject index 440
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Heruntergeladen am 30.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1075/tilar.22.15mac/html
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