Brocatives
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Matthew Urichuk
Abstract
This apparent-time study presents the results of a self-report survey adapted from Kiesling (2004) on the use of man, dude, bro, and brah [brʌ] /bruh [brə:] in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Our analysis considers social and identity variables (i.e., age, speaker and addressee gender, education, ethnicity, drug use, and alcohol consumption), as well as the degree of familiarity between speaker and addressee. Results show that brocatives occur at higher rates in M-M dyads, followed by F-M dyads, and that man indexes higher degree of masculinity and greater distance than dude.Man and bro are more commonly used by males, and bro and the newer form brah/bruh are associated with younger participants. Findings further show a relationship between brah/bruh and non-Caucasian participants, which along with its low self-reported frequency suggest an association with covert prestige in Canadian English.
Abstract
This apparent-time study presents the results of a self-report survey adapted from Kiesling (2004) on the use of man, dude, bro, and brah [brʌ] /bruh [brə:] in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Our analysis considers social and identity variables (i.e., age, speaker and addressee gender, education, ethnicity, drug use, and alcohol consumption), as well as the degree of familiarity between speaker and addressee. Results show that brocatives occur at higher rates in M-M dyads, followed by F-M dyads, and that man indexes higher degree of masculinity and greater distance than dude.Man and bro are more commonly used by males, and bro and the newer form brah/bruh are associated with younger participants. Findings further show a relationship between brah/bruh and non-Caucasian participants, which along with its low self-reported frequency suggest an association with covert prestige in Canadian English.
Chapters in this book
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Address and address research 1
-
Looking backwards, looking forwards
- A literature review of address studies from pragmatic and sociolinguistic perspectives 23
- On translating pronominal and nominal terms of address 47
- Examining Twitter as a source for address research using Colombian Spanish 75
- Imaginary customers and public figures 99
-
Variation and change
- Now you Sie me, now you don’t 125
- On address pronouns in the history of Brazilian Portuguese 139
- Palenquero Creole 161
- Variation in polite address in contemporary Uruguayan Spanish 191
- Transition from V to T address among restaurant customers and waiters in Italy 221
-
Reflections of address in digital and visual media
- Address negotiations in Dutch emails 253
- The variable functions of addressing hearer-participants with Spanish second person object forms in media discourse 281
- Pragmatic and grammatical categories for the analysis of forms of address in presidential election debates 305
-
Nominal address
- Nominal address strategies in Cameroon French 335
- Brocatives 355
-
Address, the self, and the other
- Introductions at international academic conferences 375
- Person-referring expressions, reference nominals, and address nominals 397
- Terms of address and self-reference in Ulaanbaatar Mongolian 415
- Index 435
Chapters in this book
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Address and address research 1
-
Looking backwards, looking forwards
- A literature review of address studies from pragmatic and sociolinguistic perspectives 23
- On translating pronominal and nominal terms of address 47
- Examining Twitter as a source for address research using Colombian Spanish 75
- Imaginary customers and public figures 99
-
Variation and change
- Now you Sie me, now you don’t 125
- On address pronouns in the history of Brazilian Portuguese 139
- Palenquero Creole 161
- Variation in polite address in contemporary Uruguayan Spanish 191
- Transition from V to T address among restaurant customers and waiters in Italy 221
-
Reflections of address in digital and visual media
- Address negotiations in Dutch emails 253
- The variable functions of addressing hearer-participants with Spanish second person object forms in media discourse 281
- Pragmatic and grammatical categories for the analysis of forms of address in presidential election debates 305
-
Nominal address
- Nominal address strategies in Cameroon French 335
- Brocatives 355
-
Address, the self, and the other
- Introductions at international academic conferences 375
- Person-referring expressions, reference nominals, and address nominals 397
- Terms of address and self-reference in Ulaanbaatar Mongolian 415
- Index 435
