The first decades of machine translation

Chapters in this book

1. Prelim pages i
2. Table of contents v
3. Preface vii
4. Common abbreviations x
5. Acknowledgements. Cyrillic transliteration xi
6. The first decades of machine translation 1
7. Warren Weaver and the launching of MT 17
8. Erwin Reifler and machine translation at the University of Washington 17
9. Early research at M.I.T. 39
10. Machine translation at Harvard 73
11. The Georgetown project and Leon Dostert 87
12. Is FAHQ(M)T possible? Memories of Paul L. garvin and other MT colleagues 97
13. The early days of GAT-SLC 111
14. Machine translation 129
15. From Serna to Systran 135
16. My early years in machine translation 147
17. David G. Hays 165
18. Gilbert W. King and the USAF Translator 171
19. Translation and the structure of language 177
20. Pioneering MT in the Soviet Union 197
21. Machine translation and formal linguistics in the USSR 205
22. My memoirs of MT in the Soviet Union 227
23. MT in the former USSR and in the Newly Independent States (NIS) 233
24. Machine translation 243
25. The beginnings of MT 253
26. R.H. Richens 263
27. Margaret Masterman 279
28. Yehoshua Bar-Hillel 299
29. Silvio Ceccato and the correlational grammar 313
30. Early MT in France 325
31. Bernard Vauquois’ contribution to the theory and practice of building MT systems 331
32. Pioneer work in machine translation in Czechoslovakia 349
33. Alexander Ljudskanov 361
34. Memoirs of a survivor 377
35. Index of names 387
36. Index of subjects 394