Explaining phenomena of first and second language acquisition with the constructs of implicit and explicit learning
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Jan H. Hulstijn
Abstract
This chapter examines to what extent Krashen’s (1981) distinction between acquired (implicit) and learned (explicit) knowledge can be upheld from a usage-based view on first and second language learning and in the light of recent advancement in (neuro)cognitive research on artificial grammar learning, statistical learning, and modelling implicit and explicit learning. It is proposed that, generally, two-system theories (e.g. implicit/explicit, declarative/procedural) appear to account for first and second language acquisition. However, given the complexity of language systems, the complexity of the human brain, and the possibility that consciousness should be conceived of as a scale rather than as a dichotomy, it might well be that a two-system view is too simple. The paper ends with partly speculative answers to six fundamental questions concerning implicit and explicit first and second language acquisition and an agenda for their investigation.
Abstract
This chapter examines to what extent Krashen’s (1981) distinction between acquired (implicit) and learned (explicit) knowledge can be upheld from a usage-based view on first and second language learning and in the light of recent advancement in (neuro)cognitive research on artificial grammar learning, statistical learning, and modelling implicit and explicit learning. It is proposed that, generally, two-system theories (e.g. implicit/explicit, declarative/procedural) appear to account for first and second language acquisition. However, given the complexity of language systems, the complexity of the human brain, and the possibility that consciousness should be conceived of as a scale rather than as a dichotomy, it might well be that a two-system view is too simple. The paper ends with partly speculative answers to six fundamental questions concerning implicit and explicit first and second language acquisition and an agenda for their investigation.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Foreword vii
- List of contributors ix
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Introduction
- Introduction xiii
-
Theoretical perspectives
- Implicit AND explicit language learning 3
- Explaining phenomena of first and second language acquisition with the constructs of implicit and explicit learning 25
- Implicit learning in SLA 47
- Semantic implicit learning 69
- What does current generative theory have to say about the explicit-implicit debate? 91
- Explicit knowledge about language in L2 learning 117
- The learnability of language 139
- Tracking multiple inputs 167
- Implicit statistical learning and language acquisition 191
- Implicit learning of non-adjacent dependencies 213
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Methodology
- Artificial grammar learning 249
- Challenges in implicit learning research 275
- Effects of conditions on L2 development 301
- Investigating implicit and explicit processing using L2 learners’ eye-movement data 325
- Contributions of event-related potential research to issues in explicit and implicit second language acquisition 349
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Practical applications
- Implicit learning of a L2 morphosyntactic rule, and its relevance for language teaching 387
- Form-focused instruction and the measurement of implicit and explicit L2 knowledge 417
- Implicit and explicit instruction in L2 learning 443
- Index 483
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Foreword vii
- List of contributors ix
-
Introduction
- Introduction xiii
-
Theoretical perspectives
- Implicit AND explicit language learning 3
- Explaining phenomena of first and second language acquisition with the constructs of implicit and explicit learning 25
- Implicit learning in SLA 47
- Semantic implicit learning 69
- What does current generative theory have to say about the explicit-implicit debate? 91
- Explicit knowledge about language in L2 learning 117
- The learnability of language 139
- Tracking multiple inputs 167
- Implicit statistical learning and language acquisition 191
- Implicit learning of non-adjacent dependencies 213
-
Methodology
- Artificial grammar learning 249
- Challenges in implicit learning research 275
- Effects of conditions on L2 development 301
- Investigating implicit and explicit processing using L2 learners’ eye-movement data 325
- Contributions of event-related potential research to issues in explicit and implicit second language acquisition 349
-
Practical applications
- Implicit learning of a L2 morphosyntactic rule, and its relevance for language teaching 387
- Form-focused instruction and the measurement of implicit and explicit L2 knowledge 417
- Implicit and explicit instruction in L2 learning 443
- Index 483
