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Gender across languages

The linguistic representation of women and men
  • Marlis Hellinger and Hadumod Bußmann
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Gender Across Languages
This chapter is in the book Gender Across Languages

Abstract

1.Aims and scope of “Gender across languages” 2. Gender classes as a special case of noun classes 2.1 Classifier languages 2.2 Noun class languages 3. Categories of gender 3.1 Grammatical gender 3.2 Lexical gender 3.3 Referential gender 3.4 “False generics”: Generic masculines and male generics 3.5 Social gender 4. Gender-related structures 4.1 Word-formation 4.2 Agreement 4.3 Pronominalization 4.4 Coordination 5. Gender-related messages 5.1 Address terms 5.2 Idiomatic expressions and proverbs 5.3 Female and male discourse 6. Language change and language reform 7. Conclusion Notes References

Abstract

1.Aims and scope of “Gender across languages” 2. Gender classes as a special case of noun classes 2.1 Classifier languages 2.2 Noun class languages 3. Categories of gender 3.1 Grammatical gender 3.2 Lexical gender 3.3 Referential gender 3.4 “False generics”: Generic masculines and male generics 3.5 Social gender 4. Gender-related structures 4.1 Word-formation 4.2 Agreement 4.3 Pronominalization 4.4 Coordination 5. Gender-related messages 5.1 Address terms 5.2 Idiomatic expressions and proverbs 5.3 Female and male discourse 6. Language change and language reform 7. Conclusion Notes References

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Languages of Volume I and III vii
  4. Preface ix
  5. Acknowledgments xi
  6. List of abbreviations xiii
  7. Gender across languages 1
  8. Chinese. Editors’ note 27
  9. Chinese. In Chinese, men and women are equal – or – women and men are equal? 29
  10. Chinese. Gender-related use of sentence-final particles in Cantonese 57
  11. Chinese. Reality and representation 73
  12. Dutch. Towards a more gender-fair usage in Netherlands Dutch 81
  13. Finnish. The communication of gender in Finnish 109
  14. Hindi. “Unnatural” gender in Hindi 133
  15. Icelandic. Masculine generics in current Icelandic 163
  16. Italian. Gender and female visibility in Italian 187
  17. Norwegian. The representation of gender in Norwegian 219
  18. Spanish. Gender in Spanish 251
  19. Vietnamese. Gender in addressing and self-reference in Vietnamese 281
  20. Welsh. The politics of language and gender in Wales 313
  21. Notes on contributors 331
  22. Name index 337
  23. Subject index 343
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.10.05hel

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Languages of Volume I and III vii
  4. Preface ix
  5. Acknowledgments xi
  6. List of abbreviations xiii
  7. Gender across languages 1
  8. Chinese. Editors’ note 27
  9. Chinese. In Chinese, men and women are equal – or – women and men are equal? 29
  10. Chinese. Gender-related use of sentence-final particles in Cantonese 57
  11. Chinese. Reality and representation 73
  12. Dutch. Towards a more gender-fair usage in Netherlands Dutch 81
  13. Finnish. The communication of gender in Finnish 109
  14. Hindi. “Unnatural” gender in Hindi 133
  15. Icelandic. Masculine generics in current Icelandic 163
  16. Italian. Gender and female visibility in Italian 187
  17. Norwegian. The representation of gender in Norwegian 219
  18. Spanish. Gender in Spanish 251
  19. Vietnamese. Gender in addressing and self-reference in Vietnamese 281
  20. Welsh. The politics of language and gender in Wales 313
  21. Notes on contributors 331
  22. Name index 337
  23. Subject index 343
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