Home On the high-temperature oxidation of MCrAlY coatings
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

On the high-temperature oxidation of MCrAlY coatings

  • W. G. Sloof and T. J. Nijdam
Published/Copyright: June 11, 2013
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Author Information
International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 100 Issue 10

Abstract

In this review, recent progress in understanding the short- and long-term oxidation behaviour of MCrAlY coatings and the instruments that can be employed to influence the oxidation behaviour of the MCrAlY's are discussed. Particular attention is given on the transient oxidation behaviour, the initial distribution of the Y in the oxide scale and how these initial oxide products influence the long-term oxide growth rate and adhesion of the oxide scale. It is shown that the growth kinetics and adhesion of the oxide scale are to a large extent determined by the amount and distribution of Y-oxide inclusions in the scale. Oxide scales with a regularly distributed and larger amount of small Y-oxide inclusions are faster growing, but perform better in thermal cycle tests. Transient oxide products like metastable aluminas (γ- or θ-Al2O3) and spinels do not have a large influence on long-term oxidation behaviour except when the oxide scale is virtually free of Y-oxide inclusions due to Y depletion. Then, the nucleation of metastable aluminas at the onset of oxidation may be beneficial due to a slower-growing alumina scale with a larger grain size after transformation into α-Al2O3. Spinel oxides are considered detrimental for long-term oxidation performance, but their amount is usually limited on most types of MCrAlY coatings due to the rapid supply of Al along the numerous grain and phase boundaries in the fine-grained coatings. The key instruments that can be employed to manipulate the oxidation behaviour of MCrAlY coatings are: (i) the composition and size of the main phases in the coating (γ-Ni and β-NiAl), (ii) the initial distribution, chemical state (metallic or oxidized) and reservoir of the Y in the coating, (iii) the composition and roughness at the coating surface, and (iv) the oxidation conditions during post-deposition heat treatment (temperature, time, partial oxygen pressure).

Keywords: MCrAlY; Oxidation; Alumina; Yttrium; Lifetime
* Correspondence address, Dr. Ir. W.G. Sloof Department of Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands Tel.: +31 15 2 784 924 Fax: +31 15 2 786 730 Email:

References

[1] J.R.Nicholls: MRS Bulletin28 (2003) 659.10.1557/mrs2003.194Search in Google Scholar

[2] N.P.Padture, M.Gell, E.H.Jordan: Science296 (2002) 280.10.1126/science.1068609Search in Google Scholar

[3] R.C.Reed: The superalloys fundamentals and applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006).10.1017/CBO9780511541285Search in Google Scholar

[4] S.R.J.Saunders, J.R.Nicholls, in: R.W.Cahn, P.Haasen (Eds.), Physical Metallurgy (4th edn.), Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, (1996) 1291.10.1016/B978-044489875-3/50019-3Search in Google Scholar

[5] J.R.Nicholls: JOM52 (2000) 28.10.1007/s11837-000-0112-2Search in Google Scholar

[6] Y.Tamarin: Protective coatings for turbine blades. ASM International, Metals Park (2002).Search in Google Scholar

[7] B.Gleeson, in: R.W.Cahn, P.Haasen, E.J.Kramer (Eds.), Materials Science and Technology, 19 Wiley-VCH, New York (2000) 173.Search in Google Scholar

[8] M.Schütze, in: R.W.Cahn, P.Haasen, E.J.Kramer (Eds.), Materials Science and Technology, 19 Wiley-VCH, New York (2000) 67.Search in Google Scholar

[9] J.L.Smialek, R.C.Robinson, E.J.Opila, D.S.Fox, N.S.Jacobson: Adv. Composite Mater.8 (1999) 33.10.1163/156855199X00056Search in Google Scholar

[10] A.G.Evans, D.R.Mumm, J.W.Hutchinson, G.H.Meier, F.S.Pettit: Progr. Mater. Sci.46 (2001) 505.10.1016/S0079-6425(00)00020-7Search in Google Scholar

[11] P.K.Wright, A.G.Evans: Current Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci.4 (1999) 255.10.1016/S1359-0286(99)00024-8Search in Google Scholar

[12] M.J.Stiger, N.M.Yanar, M.G.Topping, F.S.Pettit, G.H.Meier: Z. Metallkd.90 (1999) 1069.Search in Google Scholar

[13] M.Peters, C.Leyens, U.Schulz, W.Kaysser: Adv. Eng. Mater.3 (2001) 193.10.1002/1527-2648(200104)3:4<193::AID-ADEM193>3.0.CO;2-USearch in Google Scholar

[14] D.R.Clarke, C.G.Levi: Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.33 (2003) 383.10.1146/annurev.matsci.33.011403.113718Search in Google Scholar

[15] R.A.Miller: J. Thermal Spray Technol.6 (1997) 35.10.1007/BF02646310Search in Google Scholar

[16] N.M.Yanar, F.S.Pettit, G.H.Meier: Metall. Mater. Trans. A37 (2006) 1563.10.1007/s11661-006-0100-4Search in Google Scholar

[17] J.RöslerM.Bäker, M.Volgmann: Acta Mater.49 (2001) 3659.10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00283-XSearch in Google Scholar

[18] V.Lughi, V.K.Tolpygo, D.R.Clarke: Mater. Sci. Eng. A368 (2004) 212.10.1016/j.msea.2003.11.018Search in Google Scholar

[19] E.P.Busso, J.Lin, S.Sakurai, M.Nakayama: Acta Mater.49 (2001) 1515.10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00060-XSearch in Google Scholar

[20] T.S.Hille, T.J.Nijdam, A.S.J.Suiker, S.Turteltaub, W.G.Sloof: Acta Mater.57 (2009) 2624.10.1016/j.actamat.2009.01.022Search in Google Scholar

[21] F.S.Pettit: Trans. TMS AIME239 (1967) 1296.Search in Google Scholar

[22] G.S.Giggins, F.S.Pettit: J. Electrochem. Soc.118 (1971) 1782.10.1149/1.2407837Search in Google Scholar

[23] G.Meier: Mater. Sci. Eng.A120 (1989) 1.10.1016/0921-5093(89)90712-0Search in Google Scholar

[24] F.H.Stott, G.C.Wood, J.Stringer: Oxid. Met.44 (1995) 113.10.1007/BF01046725Search in Google Scholar

[25] C.Leyens, B.A.Pint, I.G.Wright: Surf. Coat. Technol.133134 (2000) 15.Search in Google Scholar

[26] N.Birks, G.H.Meier, F.S.Pettit: Introduction to the High-Temperature Oxidation of Metals (2nd Edn.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK (2006).10.1017/CBO9781139163903Search in Google Scholar

[27] J.L.Smialek: Metall. Trans. A22 (1991) 739.10.1007/BF02670297Search in Google Scholar

[28] J.L.Smialek, B.K.Tubbs: Metall. Trans. A26 (1995) 427.10.1007/BF02664679Search in Google Scholar

[29] J.L.Smialek, D.T.Jayne, J.C.Schaeffer, W.H.Murphy: Thin Solid Films253 (1994) 285.10.1016/0040-6090(94)90335-2Search in Google Scholar

[30] I.J.Bennett, J.M.Kranenburg, W.G.Sloof: J. Amer. Cer. Soc.88 (2005) 2209.Search in Google Scholar

[31] B.A.Pint: J. Am. Ceram. Soc.86 (2003) 686.10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03358.xSearch in Google Scholar

[32] F.H.Stott, G.C.Wood, J.Stringer: Oxid. Met.44 (1995) 113.10.1007/BF01046725Search in Google Scholar

[33] B.A.Pint: Oxid. Met.45 (1996) 1.10.1007/BF01046818Search in Google Scholar

[34] T.J.Nijdam, L.P.H.Jeurgens, J.H.Chen, W.G.Sloof: Oxid. Met.64 (2005) 355.10.1007/s11085-005-8532-6Search in Google Scholar

[35] J.Toscano: Influence of composition and processing on the oxidation behaviour of MCrAlY coatings for TBC applications, PhD thesis, RWTH Aachen (2008).Search in Google Scholar

[36] H.M.Tawancy, N.M.Abbas, A.Bennett: Surf. Coat. Technol.6869 (1994) 10.Search in Google Scholar

[37] C.Serrano Vergel, C.Kwakernaak, T.J.Nijdam, W.G.Sloof: Mater. High Temp.Search in Google Scholar

[38] B.Gudmundsson, B.E.Jacobson: Thin Solid Films173 (1989) 99.10.1016/0040-6090(89)90542-7Search in Google Scholar

[39] M.P.Brady, B.Gleeson, I.G.Wright: JOM52 (2000) 16.10.1007/s11837-000-0109-xSearch in Google Scholar

[40] J.A.Haynes, B.A.Pint, W.D.Porter, I.G.Wright: Mater. High Temp.21 (2004) 87.10.3184/096034004782749944Search in Google Scholar

[41] R.Muñoz-Arroy, D.Clemens, F.Tietz, R.Anton, J.Quadakkers, L.Singheiser: Mater. Sci. Forum369–372 (2001) 165.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.369-372.165Search in Google Scholar

[42] B.Sundman, B.Jansson, J.-O.Andersson: CALPHAD9 (1985) 153.10.1016/0364-5916(85)90021-5Search in Google Scholar

[43] http://www.thermocalc.comSearch in Google Scholar

[44] N.Dupin, B.Sundman: Scand. J. Metall.30 (2001) 184.10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300309.xSearch in Google Scholar

[45] N.Saunders, in: R.D.Kissinger, D.J.Deye, D.L.Anton, M.V.Nathal, T.M.Pollock, D.A.Woodford (Eds.), Superalloys 1996, TMS, Warrendale (1996) 101.Search in Google Scholar

[46] D.R.G.Achar, R.Muñoz-Arroy, L.Singheiser, W.J.Quadakkers: Surf. Coat. Technol.187 (2004) 272.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.02.018Search in Google Scholar

[47] T.J.Nijdam, W.G.Sloof: Acta Mater.56 (2008) 4972.10.1016/j.actamat.2008.06.010Search in Google Scholar

[48] B.G.Mendis, B.Tryon, T.M.Pollock, K.J.Hemker: Surf. Coat. Technol.201 (2006) 3918.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.249Search in Google Scholar

[49] A.Raffaitin, F.Crabos, E.Andrieu, D.Monceau: Surf. Coat. Technol.201 (2006) 3829.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.256Search in Google Scholar

[50] N.Czech, F.Schmitz, W.Stamm: Surf. Coat. Technol.28 (1995) 76.Search in Google Scholar

[51] K.A.Ellison, J.A.Daleo, D.A.Boone, in: T.M.Pollock, R.D.Kissinger, R.R.Browman, K.A.Green, M.McLean, S.Olson, J.J.Schirra (Eds.), Superalloys 2000, TMS, Warrendale (2000) 649.Search in Google Scholar

[52] T.J.Nijdam, W.G.Sloof: Mater. Characterization59 (2008) 1697.10.1016/j.matchar.2008.03.011Search in Google Scholar

[53] K.Fritscher, Y.T.Lee: Mater. Corr.1 (2005) 56.Search in Google Scholar

[54] P.Poza, P.S.Grant: Surf. Coat. Technol., 201 (2006) 2887.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.06.001Search in Google Scholar

[55] M.Subanovic, D.Sebold, R.Vassen, E.Wessel, D.Naumenko, L.Singheiser, W.J.Quadakkers: Mater. Corr.59 (2008) 463.10.1002/maco.200804128Search in Google Scholar

[56] C.G.Levi, E.Sommer, S.G.Terry, A.Catanoiu, M.Rühle: J. Amer. Cer. Soc.86 (2003) 676.10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03357.xSearch in Google Scholar

[57] D.Clemens, V.Vosberg, L.W.Hobbs, U.Breuer, W.J.Quadakkers, H.Nickel: Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.355 (1996) 703.Search in Google Scholar

[58] K.Fritscher, C.Leyens: Mater.-wiss. U. Werkstofftech.28 (1997) 384.10.1002/mawe.19970280815Search in Google Scholar

[59] T.J.Nijdam, C.Kwakernaak, W.G.Sloof: Metall. Mater. Trans. A37 (2006) 683.10.1007/s11661-006-0040-zSearch in Google Scholar

[60] H.J.Grabke: Intermetallics7 (1999) 1153.10.1016/S0966-9795(99)00037-0Search in Google Scholar

[61] J.Doychak, J.L.Smialek, T.E.Mitchell: Metall. Trans. A20 (1989) 499.Search in Google Scholar

[62] J.Doychak, M.Rühle: Oxid. Met.31 (1989) 431.10.1007/BF00666466Search in Google Scholar

[63] M.W.Brumm, H.J.Grabke: Corr. Sci.33 (1992) 1677.10.1016/0010-938X(92)90002-KSearch in Google Scholar

[64] E.Schumann, M.Rühle: Acta Metall. Mater.42 (1994) 1481.10.1016/0956-7151(94)90166-XSearch in Google Scholar

[65] A.Vlad, A.Stierle, H.Dosch, M.Rühle: J. Mater. Res.21 (2006) 3047.10.1557/jmr.2006.0397Search in Google Scholar

[66] T.J.Nijdam, L.P.H.Jeurgens, W.G.Sloof: Mater. High Temp.20 (2003) 311.10.3184/096034003782748775Search in Google Scholar

[67] T.J.Nijdam, L.P.H.Jeurgens, W.G.Sloof: Acta Mater.53 (2003) 5295.10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00381-1Search in Google Scholar

[68] T.J.Nijdam, L.P.H.Jeurgens, W.G.Sloof: Acta Mater.53 (2005) 1643.10.1016/j.actamat.2004.12.014Search in Google Scholar

[69] T.J.Nijdam, N.M.van der Pers, W.G.Sloof: Mater. Corr.57 (2006) 269.10.1002/maco.200503934Search in Google Scholar

[70] Z.Liu, W.Gao, K.L.Dahm, F.Wang: Scripta Mater.37 (1997) 1551.10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00291-1Search in Google Scholar

[71] Z.Liu, W.Gao, K.L.Dahm, F.Wang: Acta Mater.46 (1998) 1691.10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00346-7Search in Google Scholar

[72] C.Kwakernaak, T.J.Nijdam, W.G.Sloof: Metall. Mater. Trans. A37 (2006) 695.10.1007/s11661-006-0041-ySearch in Google Scholar

[73] D.Strauss, G.Müller, G.Schumacher, V.Engelko, W.Stamm, D.Clemens, W.J.Quaddakers: Surf. Coat. Technol.135 (2001) 196.10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00916-6Search in Google Scholar

[74] H.E.Evans, M.P.Taylor: Oxid. Met.55 (2001) 17.10.1023/A:1010369024142Search in Google Scholar

[75] M.P.Taylor, W.M.Pragnell, H.E.Evans: Mater. Corr.59 (2008) 508.10.1002/maco.200804135Search in Google Scholar

[76] T.J.Nijdam, W.G.Sloof: Oxid. Met.69 (2008) 1.10.1007/s11085-007-9080-zSearch in Google Scholar

[77] T.J.Nijdam, W.G.Sloof: Acta Mater.55 (2007) 5980.10.1016/j.actamat.2007.07.007Search in Google Scholar

[78] W.Braue, K.Fritscher, U.Schulz, C.Leyens, R.Wirth: Mater. Sci. Forum461–464 (2004) 899.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.461-464.899Search in Google Scholar

[79] T.J.Nijdam, W.G.Sloof: Surf. Coat. Technol.201 (2006) 3894.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.253Search in Google Scholar

[80] U.Schulz, M.Menzebach, C.Leyens, Y.Q.Yang: Surf. Coat. Technol.146–147 (2001) 117.10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01481-5Search in Google Scholar

[81] M.J.Stiger, N.M.Yanar, R.W.Jackson, S.J.Laney, F.S.Pettit, G.H.Meier, A.S.Gandhi, C.G.Levi: Metall. Mater. Trans. A38 (2007) 848.10.1007/s11661-007-9117-6Search in Google Scholar

[82] J.Toscano, R.Vassen, A.Gil, M.Subanovic, D.Naumenko, L.Singheiser, W.J.Quadakkers: Surf. Coat. Technol.201 (2006) 3906.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.247Search in Google Scholar

[83] A.Gil, V.Shemet, R.Vassen, M.Subanovic, J.Toscano, D.Naumenko, L.Singheiser, W.J.Quadakkers: Surf. Coat. Technol.201 (2006) 3824.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.252Search in Google Scholar

[84] P.Kofstad: High Temperature Corrosion, Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York (1988).Search in Google Scholar

[85] U.Schulz, M.Menzebach, C.Leyens, Y.Q.Yang: Surf. Coat. Technol.146147 (2001) 117.Search in Google Scholar

[86] D.Naumenko, B.Gleeson, E.Wessel, L.Singheiser, W.J.Quadakkers: Metall. Mater. Trans. A38 (2007) 2974.10.1007/s11661-007-9342-zSearch in Google Scholar

[87] S.Tanaguchi, A.Andoh: Oxid. Met.58 (2002) 545.10.1023/A:1020577107126Search in Google Scholar

[88] M.J.Stiger, G.H.Meier, F.S.Pettit, Q.Ma, J.L.Beuth, M.J.Lance: Mater. Corr.57 (2006) 73.10.1002/maco.200503896Search in Google Scholar

[89] J.L.Smialek: Acta Mater.51 (2003) 469.10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00430-5Search in Google Scholar

[90] T.J.Nijdam, G.H.Marijnissen, E.Vergeldt, A.B.Kloosterman, W.G.Sloof: Oxid. Met.66 (2006) 269.10.1007/s11085-006-9036-8Search in Google Scholar

[91] A.E.G.Shillington, D.R.Clarke: Acta Mater.47 (1999) 1297.10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00407-8Search in Google Scholar

[92] E.Y.LeeD.M.Chartier, R.R.Biederman, R.D.Sisson: Surf. Coat. Technol.32 (1987) 19.10.1016/0257-8972(87)90095-8Search in Google Scholar

[93] J.A.Nesbitt, in: A.D.Romig, M.A.Dayananda (Eds.), Diffusion Analysis and Applications, TMS, Warrendale (1989) 307.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2009-6-16
Accepted: 2009-7-25
Published Online: 2013-06-11
Published in Print: 2009-10-01

© 2009, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Introduction
  4. Introduction
  5. G. Petzow: Laudation for Peter Paul Schepp
  6. Dr. Schepp's retirement after 20 years of service was celebrated
  7. Preface to Feature Articles
  8. “SURFACE and INTERFACE ENGINEERING”
  9. Feature
  10. Thermodynamics of reactions and phase transformations at interfaces and surfaces
  11. Oxidation of palladium: from single crystal surfaces towards nanoparticles
  12. On the high-temperature oxidation of MCrAlY coatings
  13. Conducting polymers for corrosion protection: a review
  14. Fundamental and applied aspects of laser surface engineering
  15. Low-temperature gaseous surface hardening of stainless steel: the current status
  16. Foreword
  17. Foreword
  18. Editorial
  19. The scientific work of Charles Crussard (1916–2008)
  20. Review
  21. Charles Crussard's early contributions: Recrystallization in situ and a Grain Boundary study with J. Friedel and B. Cullity
  22. Magnetohydrodynamics applied to materials processing
  23. Charles Crussard's contribution to sheet metal forming and participation in IDDRG
  24. Glide of dislocations in non-octahedral planes of fcc metals: a review
  25. The deformation stage II of face-centered cubic crystals: Fifty years of investigations
  26. Nucleation and growth during primary recrystallization of certain metals and alloys with a face-centered cubic structure: Formation of the cube texture
  27. Basic
  28. Andrade creep revisited
  29. Application of cluster dynamics modeling to the precipitation in aluminum alloys
  30. On the effect of pre-recovery on subsequent recrystallization
  31. The interplay between grain boundaries and disclinations in condensed matter physics
  32. Plasticity of nanocrystalline materials: a critical viewpoint
  33. Thermoelectric power applied to metallurgy: principle and recent applications
  34. Notifications
  35. People
https://doi.org/10.3139/146.110201
Keywords for this article
MCrAlY; Oxidation; Alumina; Yttrium; Lifetime

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Introduction
  4. Introduction
  5. G. Petzow: Laudation for Peter Paul Schepp
  6. Dr. Schepp's retirement after 20 years of service was celebrated
  7. Preface to Feature Articles
  8. “SURFACE and INTERFACE ENGINEERING”
  9. Feature
  10. Thermodynamics of reactions and phase transformations at interfaces and surfaces
  11. Oxidation of palladium: from single crystal surfaces towards nanoparticles
  12. On the high-temperature oxidation of MCrAlY coatings
  13. Conducting polymers for corrosion protection: a review
  14. Fundamental and applied aspects of laser surface engineering
  15. Low-temperature gaseous surface hardening of stainless steel: the current status
  16. Foreword
  17. Foreword
  18. Editorial
  19. The scientific work of Charles Crussard (1916–2008)
  20. Review
  21. Charles Crussard's early contributions: Recrystallization in situ and a Grain Boundary study with J. Friedel and B. Cullity
  22. Magnetohydrodynamics applied to materials processing
  23. Charles Crussard's contribution to sheet metal forming and participation in IDDRG
  24. Glide of dislocations in non-octahedral planes of fcc metals: a review
  25. The deformation stage II of face-centered cubic crystals: Fifty years of investigations
  26. Nucleation and growth during primary recrystallization of certain metals and alloys with a face-centered cubic structure: Formation of the cube texture
  27. Basic
  28. Andrade creep revisited
  29. Application of cluster dynamics modeling to the precipitation in aluminum alloys
  30. On the effect of pre-recovery on subsequent recrystallization
  31. The interplay between grain boundaries and disclinations in condensed matter physics
  32. Plasticity of nanocrystalline materials: a critical viewpoint
  33. Thermoelectric power applied to metallurgy: principle and recent applications
  34. Notifications
  35. People
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 16.11.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/146.110201/pdf
Scroll to top button