Conductivity and dielectric analysis of nanocolloidal polypyrrole particles functionalized with higher weight percentage of poly(styrene sulfonate) using the dispersion polymerization method
-
S. Maruthamuthu
,
J. Chandrasekaran
Abstract
Nanocolloidal polypyrrole/poly(styrene sulfonate) PPy:PSS composites were prepared by dispersion polymerization of pyrrole with 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt% of PSS. Higher doping level of PPy was confirmed with increased S/N value of elemental analysis. Morphological variations of PPy composite matrix based on PSS were analyzed in which spherical shaped PPy particles of 20–40 nm were obtained for 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS. Presence of higher concentration of PSS within the PPy matrix substantially improved its thermal stability. Dielectric properties were investigated using complex impedance analyzer as a function of frequency (50 Hz–5 MHz) and temperature between 30°C and 120°C. PPy, with improved dispersion, showed higher dielectric constant values up to 15 wt% of anionic polyelectrolyte PSS and the dielectric loss varied between 4.7 and 7.9 for different wt% of PSS. AC conductivity (σac) enhanced up to 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS composite, which is found to be the optimum wt% in this study. DC conductivity was found to decrease after 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS composite, which is due to excess oxidation, leading to reduced π conjugation of PPy chains. Higher dielectric constant values of composite, with relatively low dielectric loss values, indicate their potential usage in the electric and electronic industry.
References
[1] Srivastava S, Schaefer JL, Yang Z, Tu Z, Archer LA. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 201–234.10.1002/adma.201303070Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[2] Yang C, Mo H, Zang L, Qiu J, You H, Yang X. Fibers Polym. 2014, 15, 2019–2025.10.1007/s12221-014-2019-5Search in Google Scholar
[3] Zaidi MGH, Thakur A, Agarwal T, Alam S. Iran. Polym. J. 2014, 23, 365–374.10.1007/s13726-014-0234-ySearch in Google Scholar
[4] Jeon SS, Kim C, Ko J, Im SS. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 8146–815.10.1039/c1jm10112aSearch in Google Scholar
[5] Chen L, Guo CX, Zhang Q, Lei Y, Xie J, Ee S, Guai G, Song Q, Li CM. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 2047–2052.10.1021/am302938aSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[6] Su N, Li HB, Yuan SJ, Yi SP, Yin EQ. eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 2012, 6, 697–705.10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.75Search in Google Scholar
[7] Ozkazanc E. Synth. Met. 2012, 162, 1016–1023.10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.04.022Search in Google Scholar
[8] Camposa M, Simoes FR, Pereira EC. Sens. Actuators B 2007, 125, 158–166.10.1016/j.snb.2007.02.001Search in Google Scholar
[9] Zhang X, Wang S, Lu S, Su J, He T. J. Power Sources 2014, 246, 491–498.10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.098Search in Google Scholar
[10] Heinze J, Uribe BAF, Ludwigs S. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 4724–4771.10.1021/cr900226kSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[11] Oh EJ, Jang KS, MacDiarmid AG. Synth. Met. 2002, 125, 267–272.10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00384-8Search in Google Scholar
[12] Kim J, Sohn D, Sung Y, Kim ER. Synth. Me.t 2003, 132, 309–313.10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00462-9Search in Google Scholar
[13] Shinde SS, Gund GS, Dubal DP, Jambure SB, Lokhande CD. Electrochim. Acta 2014, 119, 1–10.10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.174Search in Google Scholar
[14] Andreoli E, Liao DS, Haldar A, Alley NJ, Curran SA. Synth. Met. 2013, 185, 71–78.10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.10.005Search in Google Scholar
[15] Omastova M, Trchova M, Pionteck J, Prokes J, Stejskal J. Synth. Met. 2004, 143, 153–161.10.1016/j.synthmet.2003.11.005Search in Google Scholar
[16] Wang PC, Yu JY. React. Funct. Polym. 2012, 72, 311–316.10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.03.005Search in Google Scholar
[17] Liu J, Wan M. J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 2000, 38, 2734–2739.10.1002/1099-0518(20000801)38:15<2734::AID-POLA130>3.0.CO;2-RSearch in Google Scholar
[18] Wu TM, Lin YW. Polymer 2006, 47, 3576–3582.10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.060Search in Google Scholar
[19] Wu TM, Lin SH. J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 2006, 44, 1413–1418.10.1002/polb.20809Search in Google Scholar
[20] Chen N, Hong L. Eur. Polym. J. 2001, 37, 1027–1035.10.1016/S0014-3057(00)00191-9Search in Google Scholar
[21] Wu TM, Chang HL, Lin YW. Polym. Int. 2009, 58, 1065–1070.10.1002/pi.2634Search in Google Scholar
[22] Wu J, Li Q, Fan L, Lan Z, Li P, Lin J, Hao S. J. Power Sources 2008, 181, 172–176.10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.029Search in Google Scholar
[23] Bouldin R, Ravichandran S, Kokil A, Garhwal R, Nagarajan S, Kumar J, Bruno FF, Samuelson LA, Nagarajan R. Synth. Met. 2011, 161, 1611–1617.10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.05.026Search in Google Scholar
[24] Cao Y, Smith P, Heeger AJ. Synth. Met. 1992, 48, 91–97.10.1016/0379-6779(92)90053-LSearch in Google Scholar
[25] Cao Y, Qiu J, Smith P. Synth. Met. 1995, 69, 187–190.10.1016/0379-6779(94)02412-RSearch in Google Scholar
[26] Lei J, Cai Z, Martin CR. Synth. Met. 1992, 46, 53–69.10.1016/0379-6779(92)90318-DSearch in Google Scholar
[27] Maruthamuthu S, Chandrasekaran J, Manoharan D, Karthick SN, Kim HJ. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43114.10.1002/app.43114Search in Google Scholar
[28] Wu TM, Chang HL, Lin YW. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 639–644.10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.12.010Search in Google Scholar
[29] Qu L, Shi G. J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 2004, 42, 3170–3177.10.1002/pola.20157Search in Google Scholar
[30] Ghosh D, Sardara PS, Biswasa M, Mondal A, Mukherjee N. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2010, 123, 9–12.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.04.019Search in Google Scholar
[31] Banerjee S, Kumar A. J. Appl. Phys. 2011, 109, 114313.10.1063/1.3592974Search in Google Scholar
[32] Sun L, Wang J, Butt HJ, Bonaccurso E. Small 2011, 7, 950–956.10.1002/smll.201100204Search in Google Scholar
[33] Saafan SA, Nimr MKE, Ghazzawy EHE. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 99, 3370–3379.10.1002/app.23054Search in Google Scholar
[34] Madakbas S, Sen F, Kahraman MV, Dumludag F. Adv. Polym. Tech. 2014 33, 21438–21446.Search in Google Scholar
[35] Mpoukouvalas K, Wang J, Tilch R, Butt HJ, Wegnera G. J. Appl. Phys. 2009, 106, 063706.10.1063/1.3223324Search in Google Scholar
[36] Bender K, Gogu E, Hennig I, Schweitzer D, Muenstedt H. Synth. Met. 1987, 18, 85–88.10.1016/0379-6779(87)90858-7Search in Google Scholar
[37] Mpoukouvalas K, Wang J, Wegner G. ChemPhysChem 2010, 11, 139–148.10.1002/cphc.200900643Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[38] Yang C, Liu P. React. Funct. Polym. 2010, 70, 726–731.10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.07.006Search in Google Scholar
[39] Wang J, Sun L, Mpoukouvalas K, Lienkamp K, Lieberwirth I, Fassbender B, Bonaccurso E, Brunklaus G, Muehlebach A, Beierlein T, Tilch R, Butt HJ, Wegner G. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 1137–1141.10.1002/adma.200802787Search in Google Scholar
[40] Hsu FH, Wu TM. Synth. Met. 2012, 162, 682–687.10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.02.025Search in Google Scholar
[41] Taunk M, Kapil A, Chand S. Solid State Commun. 2010, 150, 1766–1769.10.1016/j.ssc.2010.07.022Search in Google Scholar
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original articles
- Preparation of epoxy/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer/short carbon fiber composites with a self-made conical mixer
- Preparation and characterization of poly (amide-ester-imide)/Na+-MMT nanocomposite via ultrasonic method
- Polyurethane membrane with a cyclodextrin-modified carbon nanotube for pervaporation of phenol/water mixture
- Fabrication of chitosan/PEO nanofiber mats with mica by electrospinning
- Effect of cooling induced crystallization upon the properties of segmented thermoplastic polyurethanes
- Conductivity and dielectric analysis of nanocolloidal polypyrrole particles functionalized with higher weight percentage of poly(styrene sulfonate) using the dispersion polymerization method
- Mechanism and solutions of appearance defects on microfluidic chips manufactured by UV-curing assisted injection molding
- Effect of gas counter pressure on shrinkage and residual stress for injection molding process
- Ablation and mechanical investigation of heat vulcanizing silicone rubber (HVSR) composite containing carbon fibers
- Cavitation desulfurization in vulcanized rubber recycling under ultra-high pressure water jet
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original articles
- Preparation of epoxy/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer/short carbon fiber composites with a self-made conical mixer
- Preparation and characterization of poly (amide-ester-imide)/Na+-MMT nanocomposite via ultrasonic method
- Polyurethane membrane with a cyclodextrin-modified carbon nanotube for pervaporation of phenol/water mixture
- Fabrication of chitosan/PEO nanofiber mats with mica by electrospinning
- Effect of cooling induced crystallization upon the properties of segmented thermoplastic polyurethanes
- Conductivity and dielectric analysis of nanocolloidal polypyrrole particles functionalized with higher weight percentage of poly(styrene sulfonate) using the dispersion polymerization method
- Mechanism and solutions of appearance defects on microfluidic chips manufactured by UV-curing assisted injection molding
- Effect of gas counter pressure on shrinkage and residual stress for injection molding process
- Ablation and mechanical investigation of heat vulcanizing silicone rubber (HVSR) composite containing carbon fibers
- Cavitation desulfurization in vulcanized rubber recycling under ultra-high pressure water jet
