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Enhanced stability and permeability of graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes via glycine and diglycine cross-linking

  • Zhen Hong Chang ORCID logo , Yeit Haan Teow , Swee Pin Yeap and Jing Yao Sum EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 26, 2025
Pure and Applied Chemistry
From the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry Volume 97 Issue 6

Abstract

Surface coating of graphene oxide (GO) on membrane surfaces often suffers from low stability, with the GO layer prone to swelling and detachment during filtration. Cross-linking with environmentally friendly amino acids is expected to enhance the interfacial interaction between GO nanosheets and membrane surface via van der Waals interactions. This study introduces glycine (Gly) and diglycine (diGly) as cross-linking agents to improve the stability and performance of GO nanocomposite membranes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed that amino acid-crosslinked GO formed a thick pile structure on the membrane surface. The chemical bonding between GO and glycine derivatives was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Stability test via continuously running water across the membrane surface in a crossflow filtration cell showed that cross-linking with glycine derivatives reduces the tendency of GO detachment from the self-fabricated polyethersulfone (PES) membrane surface. Ultrafiltration tests demonstrated that water permeability of nanocomposite membranes increased in the order of diGly-GO (14.70 LMH bar−1) > Gly-GO (8.66 LMH bar−1) > GO (4.57 LMH bar−1), without compromising bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection efficiency (82–84 %). However, the reduction of hydroxyl groups in Gly-GO and diGly-GO nanocomposite membranes made them more susceptible to BSA fouling. Consequently, the pristine GO nanocomposite membrane exhibited the lowest flux declination rate and the highest flux recovery rate among the membranes. Overall, the results indicate that cross-linking GO nanosheets with glycine derivatives enhances membrane permeability and stability by improving the stacking of GO nanosheets.

Keywords: amino acids; fouling; graphene oxide; ICYC 2024; membrane stability; ultrafiltration
Corresponding author: Jing Yao Sum, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and UCSI-Cheras Low Carbon Innovation Hub Research Consortium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, e-mail:
Article note: A collection of invited papers based on presentations at the 9th International Conference for Young Chemists (ICYC 2024) held on 9–11 Oct 2024 in Penang, Malaysia.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge CERVIE, UCSI University and research grants REIG-FETBE-2023/016 for the financial support.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: ChatGPT 4o was used to improve language.

  5. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Published Online: 2025-03-26
Published in Print: 2025-06-26

© 2025 IUPAC & De Gruyter

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Preface
  4. Preface: 9th International Conference for Young Chemists (ICYC) 2024
  5. Research Articles
  6. Doping TiO2 with Cu from electroplating wastewater for remarkable improvement of its activity under visible light for E. coli bacterial disinfection in water
  7. Investigating the potential of prenylated and geranylated acylphloroglucinol-based xanthenones as potent soybean 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors: a combined in vitro and in silico approach
  8. Intelligent food packaging from Ganyong starch (Canna Edulis Kerr.) modified with nanocellulose from corn husk (Zea mays) and curcumin as bioindicator
  9. Evaluation of 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) acetic acid derivatives as potential human hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 (PHD2) inhibitors
  10. Microparticles zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet rhizome in chitosan modified oleic acid
  11. Enhanced visible photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac by ultrasound-assisted prepared C and N co-doping TiO2
  12. Enhanced stability and permeability of graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes via glycine and diglycine cross-linking
  13. Furanyl-Chalcones as antimalarial agent: synthesis, in vitro study, DFT, and docking analysis of PfDHFR inhibition
https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0265
Keywords for this article
amino acids; fouling; graphene oxide; ICYC 2024; membrane stability; ultrafiltration

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Preface
  4. Preface: 9th International Conference for Young Chemists (ICYC) 2024
  5. Research Articles
  6. Doping TiO2 with Cu from electroplating wastewater for remarkable improvement of its activity under visible light for E. coli bacterial disinfection in water
  7. Investigating the potential of prenylated and geranylated acylphloroglucinol-based xanthenones as potent soybean 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors: a combined in vitro and in silico approach
  8. Intelligent food packaging from Ganyong starch (Canna Edulis Kerr.) modified with nanocellulose from corn husk (Zea mays) and curcumin as bioindicator
  9. Evaluation of 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) acetic acid derivatives as potential human hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 (PHD2) inhibitors
  10. Microparticles zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet rhizome in chitosan modified oleic acid
  11. Enhanced visible photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac by ultrasound-assisted prepared C and N co-doping TiO2
  12. Enhanced stability and permeability of graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes via glycine and diglycine cross-linking
  13. Furanyl-Chalcones as antimalarial agent: synthesis, in vitro study, DFT, and docking analysis of PfDHFR inhibition
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