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Chapter 10 Metal hydrides: a safe and effective solid-state hydrogen storage system

  • Isha Arora and Ashok N. Bhaskarwar
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Sustainable Hydrogen Energy
This chapter is in the book Sustainable Hydrogen Energy

Abstract

Energy is an underlying essential in today’s world. The thriving energy demands are mainly due to increased urbanization. Fossil fuels are becoming increasingly scarce as a result of mankind’s incessant burning of them to satisfy rising energy demands. The use of these nonrenewable energy sources also contributes to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases, which pose a significant risk to human life. This brings up the need to explore other energy substitutes that not only replace fossil fuels but also drive the world toward sustainability. Hydrogen energy, a clean, renewable, and nontoxic source of energy, is a potential candidate that can help accomplish a zero-carbon society. However, the main hurdle to realizing hydrogen economy is its safe and effective storage. The most promising and secure form of hydrogen storage is in the solid state, but technologies exist to store hydrogen as a gas at high pressure (roughly 70MPa) and as a liquid (−253 °C). The high energy requirements, boil-off issues, and energy losses are some of the major drawbacks of storing hydrogen in gaseous/cryogenic liquid forms. Solid-state storage holds the advantage of providing a platform for reversible hydrogen storage and good energy density and is safer. In the solid state, hydrogen can be stored as metal hydrides and carbonaceous materials. The pioneering works on hydrides have shown that it exhibits high gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities, fast kinetics, moderate de/hydrogenation temperatures, good thermodynamic stability, considerable reversibility, and cyclability. From this vantage point, the present research looks at the state of the art in metal hydrides as a hydrogen storage medium.

Abstract

Energy is an underlying essential in today’s world. The thriving energy demands are mainly due to increased urbanization. Fossil fuels are becoming increasingly scarce as a result of mankind’s incessant burning of them to satisfy rising energy demands. The use of these nonrenewable energy sources also contributes to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases, which pose a significant risk to human life. This brings up the need to explore other energy substitutes that not only replace fossil fuels but also drive the world toward sustainability. Hydrogen energy, a clean, renewable, and nontoxic source of energy, is a potential candidate that can help accomplish a zero-carbon society. However, the main hurdle to realizing hydrogen economy is its safe and effective storage. The most promising and secure form of hydrogen storage is in the solid state, but technologies exist to store hydrogen as a gas at high pressure (roughly 70MPa) and as a liquid (−253 °C). The high energy requirements, boil-off issues, and energy losses are some of the major drawbacks of storing hydrogen in gaseous/cryogenic liquid forms. Solid-state storage holds the advantage of providing a platform for reversible hydrogen storage and good energy density and is safer. In the solid state, hydrogen can be stored as metal hydrides and carbonaceous materials. The pioneering works on hydrides have shown that it exhibits high gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities, fast kinetics, moderate de/hydrogenation temperatures, good thermodynamic stability, considerable reversibility, and cyclability. From this vantage point, the present research looks at the state of the art in metal hydrides as a hydrogen storage medium.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. About the editors XI
  5. Part I: Hydrogen production
  6. Chapter 1 Green hydrogen production using biomass 1
  7. Chapter 2 Hydrogen production using nonthermal plasma technology 25
  8. Chapter 3 Technologies to synthesize hydrogen from renewable and environmentfriendly sources: past scenarios and current trends 43
  9. Chapter 4 Thermochemical processes for hydrogen 63
  10. Chapter 5 Synthesis of hydrogen through reforming processes and its utilization to value-added products 107
  11. Chapter 6 Producing green hydrogen from of sugarcane bagasse using ASPEN PLUS simulation 129
  12. Chapter 7 Hydrogen production technologies: state-of-the-art and future possibilities 143
  13. Chapter 8 Hydrogen production technologies: challenges and opportunity 173
  14. Part II: Hydrogen storage
  15. Chapter 9 Reliable, economic, and eco-friendly methods for hydrogen storage 199
  16. Chapter 10 Metal hydrides: a safe and effective solid-state hydrogen storage system 211
  17. Chapter 11 Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for hydrogen storage 251
  18. Part III: Hydrogen applications and utilization
  19. Chapter 12 Safety first: managing hydrogen in production, handling, and applications 275
  20. Chapter 13 Sustainable hydrogen energy: production, storage, and transportation – transportation of hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels 305
  21. Chapter 14 Hydrogen-integrated renewable systems for power generation: an overview of technologies and applications 319
  22. Chapter 15 Hydrogen burners for effective utilization of hydrogen as the future fuel 347
  23. Part IV: Hydrogen technology and analysis
  24. Chapter 16 Numerical analysis of PEM water electrolyzer for hydrogen production: critical parameters 363
  25. Chapter 17 Probabilistic risk assessment of liquid hydrogen storage system using fault tree and Bayesian network 379
  26. Chapter 18 Layered perovskites for hydrogen generation via solar-driven water splitting 405
  27. Part V: Hydrogen future and prospects
  28. Chapter 19 Prospects and sustainable approach for biohydrogen 435
  29. Chapter 20 Green hydrogen: challenges and future prospects 449
  30. Chapter 21 Hydrogen: the future fuel 487
  31. Index 503
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111246475-010

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. About the editors XI
  5. Part I: Hydrogen production
  6. Chapter 1 Green hydrogen production using biomass 1
  7. Chapter 2 Hydrogen production using nonthermal plasma technology 25
  8. Chapter 3 Technologies to synthesize hydrogen from renewable and environmentfriendly sources: past scenarios and current trends 43
  9. Chapter 4 Thermochemical processes for hydrogen 63
  10. Chapter 5 Synthesis of hydrogen through reforming processes and its utilization to value-added products 107
  11. Chapter 6 Producing green hydrogen from of sugarcane bagasse using ASPEN PLUS simulation 129
  12. Chapter 7 Hydrogen production technologies: state-of-the-art and future possibilities 143
  13. Chapter 8 Hydrogen production technologies: challenges and opportunity 173
  14. Part II: Hydrogen storage
  15. Chapter 9 Reliable, economic, and eco-friendly methods for hydrogen storage 199
  16. Chapter 10 Metal hydrides: a safe and effective solid-state hydrogen storage system 211
  17. Chapter 11 Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for hydrogen storage 251
  18. Part III: Hydrogen applications and utilization
  19. Chapter 12 Safety first: managing hydrogen in production, handling, and applications 275
  20. Chapter 13 Sustainable hydrogen energy: production, storage, and transportation – transportation of hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels 305
  21. Chapter 14 Hydrogen-integrated renewable systems for power generation: an overview of technologies and applications 319
  22. Chapter 15 Hydrogen burners for effective utilization of hydrogen as the future fuel 347
  23. Part IV: Hydrogen technology and analysis
  24. Chapter 16 Numerical analysis of PEM water electrolyzer for hydrogen production: critical parameters 363
  25. Chapter 17 Probabilistic risk assessment of liquid hydrogen storage system using fault tree and Bayesian network 379
  26. Chapter 18 Layered perovskites for hydrogen generation via solar-driven water splitting 405
  27. Part V: Hydrogen future and prospects
  28. Chapter 19 Prospects and sustainable approach for biohydrogen 435
  29. Chapter 20 Green hydrogen: challenges and future prospects 449
  30. Chapter 21 Hydrogen: the future fuel 487
  31. Index 503
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