Synthesis and crystal structure of Pb-dominant tourmaline
-
Oleg S. Vereshchagin
,
Bernd Wunder
Abstract
Pb-dominant tourmaline was synthesized at 700 °C and 200 MPa in two hydrothermal experiments in the system MgO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2-PbO-H2O (run OV-4-2) and MgO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2-PbO-CaO-Na2O-H2O (run OV-5-3), respectively. Run OV-4-2 forms needle-like (lengths up to 7 μm), lead-rich (up to 13.3 wt% PbO) crystals that are chemically homogeneous. Run OV-5-3 forms columnar (lengths up to 400 μm) crystals that are chemically zoned (Pb-rich cores, up to 14.7 wt% PbO, and Pb-poor rims, ~2 wt% PbO). Additional phases that form in trace amounts are Pb-feldspar, quartz, diaspore (in OV-4-2) and talc, mullite, spinel, quartz (in OV-5-3). Single-crystal structure refinement (SREF) of the central zone of Pb-rich tourmaline from the run OV-5-3 proves that Pb2+ cations occupy the X-site in the tourmaline structure. The unit-cell parameters of the studied tourmaline are: a = 15.9508(10) Å, c = 7.2024(6) Å. The formula derived from SREF results of this Pb-rich tourmaline is X(Pb0.63◻0.37) Y(Al1.71Mg1.29) Z(Al5.04Mg0.96) T(Si6.00O18) (BO3)3V(OH)3.00W(O1.00). Accordingly, the studied crystal is a Pb-analog of hypothetical “oxy-uvite,” and thus referred to here as “Pb-oxy-uvite.” Similarities between (1) the paragenesis of Minh Tien tourmaline, and (2) the final experimental phase assemblages observed here, indicate comparable P-T conditions of formation.
Acknowledgments and Funding
The authors thank U. Dittmann for sample preparation, H.-P. Nabein for help with the PXRD analysis and Resource centers of SPbSU (X-ray Diffraction Centre, Geomodel) for providing instrumental and computational resources. Authors thanks to B. Trumbull for proof reading. We are thankful to the Associate Editor, Aaron Lussier, two reviewers, Jan Cempírek and Andreas Ertl, and the Technical Editor who contributed significantly to improving the quality of the manuscript. O.S.V. thanks The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and Saint Petersburg State University for scholarship “Dmitrij Mendeleev”. This work was supported by grant of the President of the Russian Federation No NSh-2526.2020.5.
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- Structural and spectroscopic study of the kieserite-dwornikite solid-solution series, (Mg,Ni)SO4·H2O, at ambient and low temperatures, with cosmochemical implications for icy moons and Mars
- Mineral compositions and thermobarometry of basalts and boninites recovered during IODP Expedition 352 to the Bonin forearc
- An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part II: Interstellar and solar nebula primary condensation mineralogy (>4.565 Ga)
- Swelling capacity of mixed talc-like/stevensite layers in white/green clay infillings (“deweylite”/“garnierite”) from serpentine veins of faulted peridotites, New Caledonia
- Experimental observations of TiO2 activity in rutile-undersaturated melts
- Direct evidence for the source of uranium in the Baiyanghe deposit from accessory mineral alteration in the Yangzhuang granite porphyry, Xinjiang Province, northwest China
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