Effect of fiber content on the layer structure formation of fibers inside injection-molded products using short glass fiber-reinforced materials
-
Senji Hamanaka
,
Chisato Nonomura
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the relationship between the layer structure transition of fibers caused by the change in the flow field and the thermal properties and fiber interaction when the glass fiber content is changed. Polyamide 6 samples with different short glass fiber contents were prepared, and changes in layer structure during the flow process of injection molding were compared using X-ray computed tomography. An injection-molding simulation was performed to compare the changes in the layer structure of fibers during the flow process, and the temperature distribution and shear rate distribution were obtained by numerical analysis. Furthermore, the effect of fiber interaction on the layer structure transition of fibers was considered using a relaxation function composed of the fiber content, fiber shape factor, and strain rate.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank T. Wakano and Y. Tanida who belong to the Kyoto Prefecture Textile Machinery & Metals Promotion Center for the assistance with the experiments and for useful discussions.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
1. Fujiyama, M., Awaya, H., Kimura, S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1977, 21, 3291–3309; https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070211209.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Xia, M., Hamada, H., Maekawa, Z. Int. Polym. Process. 1995, 10, 74–81; https://doi.org/10.3139/217.950074.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Fu, S. Y., Hu, X., Yue, C. Y. Compos. Sci. Technol. 1999, 59, 1533–1542; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(99)00022-6.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Hamanaka, S., Nonomura, C., Thi, T. B. N., Yokoyama, A. J. Polym. Eng. 2019, 39, 653–660; https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0371.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Bay, R. S., Tucker, C. L. Polym. Compos. 1992c, 13, 332–341; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130410.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Shen, H., Nutt, S., Hull, D. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2004, 64, 2113–2120; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.03.003.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Thi, T. B. N., Morioka, M., Yokoyama, A., Hamanaka, S., Yamashita, K., Nonomura, C. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2015, 219, 1–9.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.11.048Suche in Google Scholar
8. Jørgensen, J. K., Andreassen, E., Salaberger, D. Polym. Compos. 2019, 40, 615–629. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24698.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Hamanaka, S., Yamashita, K., Nonomura, C., Thi, T. B. N., Wakano, T., Yokoyama, A. AIP Conf. Proc. 2017, 1914. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/140011.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Modlen, G. F. J. Mater. Sci. 1969, 4, 283–289; https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00550396.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Vincent, M., Agassant, J. F. Rheol. Acta 1985, 24, 603–610; https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01332594.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Hamanaka, S., Nonomura, C., Yokoyama, A. J. Polym. Eng. 2019, 40, 30–37; https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0208.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Folgar, F., Tucker, C. L.III. J. Reinforc. Plast. Compos. 1984, 3, 98–119; https://doi.org/10.1177/073168448400300201.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Huynh, H. M. Improved fiber orientation predictions for injection-molded composites. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 2001.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Wang, J., O’Gara, J. F., Tucker, C. L.III. J. Rheol. 2008, 52, 1179–1200; https://doi.org/10.1122/1.2946437.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Ranganathan, S., Advani, S. G. J. Rheol. 1991, 35, 1499–1522; https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550244.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Phan-Thien, N., Fan, X. J., Tanner, R. I., Zheng, R. J. Non-Newton. Fluid 2002, 103, 251–260; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0257(02)00006-x.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Thi, T. B. N. A numerical approach for the injection molding process of short-fiber-reinforced composites with considering fiber orientation. Ph.D. Dissertation, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 2015.Suche in Google Scholar
19. Thi, T. B. N., Yokoyama, A., Ota, K., Kodama, K., Yamashita, K., Isogai, Y., Nonomura, C. AIP Conf. Proc. 2014, 1593, 571–577.Suche in Google Scholar
20. Crowson, R. J., Folkes, M. J., Bright, P. F. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1980, 20, 925–933; https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760201403.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Comparative study of conventional and microwave heating of polyacrylonitrile-based fibres
- Effects of Ru catalyst changes by atmospheric exposure days on the interfacial and impact properties of glass fiber/p-DCPD composites
- Rubber-to-steel adhesives based on natural rubber grafted with poly(acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate)
- Preparation and assembly
- Preparation and swelling behavior of end-linked hydrogels prepared from linear poly(ethylene glycol) and dendrimer-star polymers
- Imidazolium functionalized polymers for effective electrochemical reduction of CO2
- Morphology optimization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyamide blends compatibilized via extension-dominated twin-screw extrusion
- Engineering and processing
- Removal of 17β-estradiol from aqueous systems with hydrophobic microspheres
- Effect of fiber content on the layer structure formation of fibers inside injection-molded products using short glass fiber-reinforced materials
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Comparative study of conventional and microwave heating of polyacrylonitrile-based fibres
- Effects of Ru catalyst changes by atmospheric exposure days on the interfacial and impact properties of glass fiber/p-DCPD composites
- Rubber-to-steel adhesives based on natural rubber grafted with poly(acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate)
- Preparation and assembly
- Preparation and swelling behavior of end-linked hydrogels prepared from linear poly(ethylene glycol) and dendrimer-star polymers
- Imidazolium functionalized polymers for effective electrochemical reduction of CO2
- Morphology optimization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyamide blends compatibilized via extension-dominated twin-screw extrusion
- Engineering and processing
- Removal of 17β-estradiol from aqueous systems with hydrophobic microspheres
- Effect of fiber content on the layer structure formation of fibers inside injection-molded products using short glass fiber-reinforced materials
