Synthesis and effect of secondary dopant on the conductivity of conducting polymer polyaniline

Kedir Mamma; Khalid Siraj; Nathan Meka

doi:10.1515/polyeng-2013-0098

40% Rabatt

auf Fachbücher bei De Gruyter Brill *

Artikel

Synthesis and effect of secondary dopant on the conductivity of conducting polymer polyaniline

Kedir Mamma , Khalid Siraj und Nathan Meka

Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 23. November 2013

Veröffentlicht von

Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Manuskript einreichen Informationen für Autor*innen

Aus der Zeitschrift Journal of Polymer Engineering Band 33 Heft 9

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) in its emeraldine salt form was synthesized by chemical method from aniline monomer in the presence of HCl mixed with LiCl and ammonium persulfate as oxidant. Then, a portion of sample was dedoped with NH₃ solution and another equal portion was separately postdoped with secondary dopants, such as H₂SO₄ and HClO₄, respectively. Finally, the dried samples of PANI prepared in all its three different forms (emeraldine salt form, undoped emeraldine base, and the two secondary doped forms of PANI) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity measurement. The cyclic voltammograms of PANI in its emeraldine base (PANI-EB) determined the electrochemical behavior and the growth mechanisms of the polymer. The FT-IR and UV-vis spectra confirmed the expected structural modification up on doping, undoping, and postdoping processes of the polymer. Their measured electrical conductivities were from 0.02 for undoped, 156 for primary doped form, and increasing from 158 to 257 S/cm for those secondary doped PANI. The influence of secondary doping on the electrical conductivity was also investigated from their spectroscopic data which shows dramatic rise in conductivity. The result also shows that secondary doping increased the π conjugation.

Keywords: cyclic voltammetry; electrical conductivity; emeraldine base; emeraldine salt; PANI; secondary dopant

Corresponding author: Khalid Siraj, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, e-mail: khalid.siraj@ju.edu.et

We are thankful to the Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia, for providing necessary facilities for carrying out this research.

References

[1] Dai L. Conducting polymer. Chapter 2. In Intelligent Macromolecules for Smart Devices from Materials Synthesis to Device Applications, Dai L, Ed., Springer, 2004, XVI, 496 p, 291.10.1007/b97517Suche in Google Scholar

[2] Kanatzidis MG. Chem. Eng. News 1990, 68, 36.10.1021/cen-v068n006.p036Suche in Google Scholar

[3] Genirs EM, Boyle A, Lapkowski M, Tsintavis C. Synth. Met. 1990, 36, 139–182.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] Armes SP, Miller JF. Synth. Met. 1988, 22, 385–393.Suche in Google Scholar

[5] Letheby H. J. Chem. Soc. 1862, 15, 161–163.Suche in Google Scholar

[6] Trivedi DC. Polyaniline. In Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers: Conductive Polymers: Synthesis and Electrical Properties, Nalwa, HS, Ed. John Wiley & Sons., England: 1997, Vol. 2. p 505–572.Suche in Google Scholar

[7] Bredas JL, Silbey R. In Conjugated Polymers: The Novel Science and Technology of Highly Conducting and Nonlinear Optically Active Materials, Bredas JL, Silbey R, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers: Netherlands, 1991.Suche in Google Scholar

[8] Epstein AJ. Electrical conductivity in conjugated polymers. In: Conductive Polymers and Plastics in Industrial Applications. Plastics Design Library: Norwich, NY, 1999, p 1–9.Suche in Google Scholar

[9] Molapo KM, Ndangili PM, Ajayi RF, Mbambisa G, Mailu SM, Njomo N, Masikini M, Baker P, Iwuoha EI. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2012, 7, 11859.Suche in Google Scholar

[10] Roncali J. J. Mater. Chem. 1999, 9, 1875–1893.Suche in Google Scholar

[11] Sadia A, Lakshmi GBVS, Husain M. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2009, 42, 105.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] MacDiarmid AG, Chiang JC, Halpern M, Huang WS, Mu SL, Somasiri NLD, Wu W, Yaniger SI. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 121, 173–180.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] Chiang JC, MacDiarmid AG. Synth. Met. 1986, 13, 193–205.Suche in Google Scholar

[14] MacDiarmid AG, Chiang JC, Richter AF, Epstein AJ. Synth. Met. 1987, 18, 285–290.Suche in Google Scholar

[15] Ray A, Richter AF, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ. Synth. Met. 1989, 29, E151–E156.Suche in Google Scholar

[16] MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ. Synth. Met. 1994, 65, 103–116.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ. Synth. Met. 1995, 69, 85–92.Suche in Google Scholar

[18] Avlyanov JK, Min Y, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ. Synth. Met. 1995, 72, 65–71.Suche in Google Scholar

[19] Lee K, Cho S, Park SH, Heeger AJ, Lee CW, Lee SH. Nature 2006, 441, 65–68.10.1038/nature04705Suche in Google Scholar

[20] Kim J, Park S, Scherer NF. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 15576–15587.10.1021/jp803984fSuche in Google Scholar

[21] Mamma K, Siraj K, Meka N. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Eng. 2013, 1, 1–5.Suche in Google Scholar

[22] MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ. Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 1989, 88, 317–322.Suche in Google Scholar

[23] Hussain AMP, Kumar A. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2003, 26, 329–334.Suche in Google Scholar

[24] Lee KH, Park BJ, Song DH Chin IJ, Choi HJ. Polymer 2009, 50, 4372–4377.10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.009Suche in Google Scholar

[25] Athawale AA, Kulkarni MV, Chabukswar VV. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2002, 73, 106–110.Suche in Google Scholar

[26] Nguyen CV, Kamloth KP. J. Phys. D Appl. 2000, 33, 2230.Suche in Google Scholar

[27] Tanaka J, Mashita N, Mizoguchi J, Kume K. Synth. Met. 1989, 29, E175–E184.Suche in Google Scholar

[28] Choi HJ, Jhon MS. Soft Matter 2009, 5, 1562–1567.10.1039/b818368fSuche in Google Scholar

[29] Magnuson M, Guo JH, Butorin SM, Agui A, Såthe C, Nordgren J. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 111, 4756.Suche in Google Scholar

[30] Kaner RB, MacDiarmid AG. Sci. Am. 1988, 258, 106–113.Suche in Google Scholar

[31] Benabdellah A, Ilikti H, Belarbi H, Fettouhi B, Amer AA, Hatti M. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2011, 6, 1747.Suche in Google Scholar

[32] Qu B, Xu Y, Deng Y, Peng X, Chen J, Dai L. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 118, 2034.Suche in Google Scholar

[33] Tiwari I, Singh KP, Singh M, Banks CE. Anal. Methods 2012, 4, 118–124.10.1039/C1AY05415ESuche in Google Scholar

[34] Chen SA, Hwang GW. Polymer 1997, 38, 3333–3346.10.1016/S0032-3861(96)00880-4Suche in Google Scholar

[35] Kargirwar SR, Thakare SR, Choudhary MD, Kondawar SB, Dhakate SR. Adv. Mater. Lett. 2011, 2, 397–401.Suche in Google Scholar

[36] Catedral MD, Tapia AKG, Sarmago RV. Sci. Diliman 2004, 16, 41.Suche in Google Scholar

[37] Ravikiran YT, Lagare MT, Sairam M, Mallikarjuna NN, Sreedhar B, Manohar S, MacDiarmid AG. Synth. Met. 2006, 156, 1139–1147.Suche in Google Scholar

[38] Chandrakanthl N, Careem MA. Polym. Bull. 2000, 44, 101–108.Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2013-4-16

Accepted: 2013-10-8

Published Online: 2013-11-23

Published in Print: 2013-12-01

Sie haben derzeit keinen Zugang zu diesem Inhalt.

Artikel in diesem Heft

https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0098

Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel

cyclic voltammetry; electrical conductivity; emeraldine base; emeraldine salt; PANI; secondary dopant