Impact of childhood type 1 diabetes on maternal work-family relations
-
Shlomit Shalitin
,
Efrat Hershtik
Abstract
Background:
The aim of the study was to evaluate work-family conflict (WFC) and work-family facilitation (WFF) of working mothers of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with those of working mothers of children under follow-up not requiring treatment and of healthy children, and to explore the impact of organizational resources and the characteristics of the child and his disease on this interface.
Methods:
The study included 157 working mothers: 50 mothers of children with T1D, 50 mothers of children on medical follow-up without chronic illness and 57 mothers of healthy children. The participants completed validated questionnaires including the WFC scale, WFF scale, organizational resources support scale, life and work satisfaction questionnaire, a background demographic questionnaire and a child health questionnaire. Mothers of children with T1D also completed a questionnaire relating to diabetes management.
Results:
Almost half of the mothers of children with T1D found it necessary to reduce their working hours or to change their workplace. This group also reported a significantly higher level of colleague support. There were no significant differences in WFC and WFF between mothers of children with T1D and controls.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the effect of raising a T1D child on the mother’s vocational behavior. Despite the additional burden, work is a source of enrichment for these mothers.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Ruth Fratkin for the editorial assistance.
Author contributions: S.S. was responsible for analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content. E.H. was responsible for acquisition of data and revising it critically for important intellectual content. M.P. was responsible for interpretation of data and revising the article critically for important intellectual content. M.Y.G. was responsible for the statistical analysis and revising the article critically for important intellectual content. R.G.C. was responsible for substantial contributions to conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data and revising it critically for important intellectual content. All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Eiser C. Chronic childhood diseases, an introduction to psychological theory and research. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1990.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Lindström C, Åman J, Lindahl-Norberg A. Parental burnout in relation to sociodemographic, psychosocial and personality factors as well as disease duration and glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Paediatr 2011;100:1011–7.10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02198.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Haugstvedt A, Wentzel-Larsen T, Rokne B, Graue M. Perceived family burden and emotional distress: similar and differences between mothers and fathers of children with type 1 diabetes in a population-based study. Pediatr Diabetes 2011;12:107–14.10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00661.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Sullivan-Bolyai S, Deatrick J, Gruppuso P, Tamborlane W, Grey M. Constant vigilance: mothers’ work parenting young children with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Nurs 2003;18:21–9.10.1053/jpdn.2003.4Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Lange K, Danne T, Kordonouri O, Berndt V, Müller B, et al. Diabetes in childhood: everyday burden and professional consequences for parents. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2004;129:1130–4.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Whiston S, Cinamon RG. The work-family interface: integrating research and practice. Career Dev Q 2015;63:44–56.10.1002/j.2161-0045.2015.00094.xSuche in Google Scholar
7. Brown TJ. Work family conflict among parents of atypically developing children: exploring the impact of worker, work, and child factors. Child Fam Stud 2014;23:854–62.10.1007/s10826-013-9739-9Suche in Google Scholar
8. George A, Vickers MH, Wilkes L, Barron B. Working and caring for a child with chronic illness: challenges in maintaining employment. Employ Respons Rights J 2008;20:165–76.10.1007/s10672-008-9065-3Suche in Google Scholar
9. Cinamon RG, Rich Y. Profile of attribution of importance to life roles and their implications for work-family conflict. J Couns Psychol 2002;49:212–20.10.1037/0022-0167.49.2.212Suche in Google Scholar
10. Cinamon RG, Rich Y. Work family relations: antecedents and outcomes. J Career Assess 2010;18:59–70.10.1177/1069072709340661Suche in Google Scholar
11. Cinamon RG, Rich Y, Westman M. Teachers occupation-specific work-family conflict. Career Dev Q 2007;55:249–61.10.1002/j.2161-0045.2007.tb00081.xSuche in Google Scholar
12. Diener ED, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess 1985;49:71–5.10.1037/t01069-000Suche in Google Scholar
13. Judge TA, Locke EA, Durham CC, Kluger AN. Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: the role of core evaluations. J Appl Psychol 1998;83:17–34.10.1037/0021-9010.83.1.17Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Haugstvedt A, Wentzel-Larsen T, Rokne B, Graue M. Psychosocial family factors and glycemic control among children aged 1–15 years with type 1 diabetes: a population-based survey. BMC Pediatr 2011;11:118.10.1186/1471-2431-11-118Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
15. Byron K. A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. J Vocat Behav 2005;67:169–98.10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009Suche in Google Scholar
16. Raina P, O’Donnell M, Schwellnus H, Rosenbaum P, King G, et al. Caregiving process and caregiver burden: conceptual models to guide research and practice. BMC Pediatr 2004;4:1.10.1186/1471-2431-4-1Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
17. Belsky J. The determinants of parenting: a process model. Child Dev 1984;55:83–96.10.2307/1129836Suche in Google Scholar
18. Brett PR, Swift PG. Doctor, who will look after my child’s diabetes? Arch Dis Child 2003;88:1.10.1136/adc.88.1.6Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
19. Sullivan-Bolyai S, Deatrick J, Gruppuso P, Tamborlane W, Grey M. Mothers’ experiences raising young children with type 1 diabetes. J Spec Pediatr Nurs 2002;7:93–103.10.1111/j.1744-6155.2002.tb00158.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
20. Thomas LT, Ganster DC. Impact of family-supportive work variables on work family conflict and strain: a control perspective. J Appl Psychol 1995;80:6–15.10.1037/0021-9010.80.1.6Suche in Google Scholar
21. Stewart MJ, Ritchie JA, McGrath P, Thompson D, Bruce B. Mothers of children with chronic conditions: supportive and stressful interactions with partners and professionals regarding caregiving burdens. Can J Nurs Res 1994;26: 61–82.Suche in Google Scholar
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Review and evaluation of patient-centered psychosocial assessments for children with central precocious puberty or early puberty
- Mini Review
- Childhood obesity: how long should we wait to predict weight?
- Original Articles
- Glycated hemoglobin A1c as a screening test for detecting type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese children and adolescents
- Effect of a multidisciplinary treatment program on eating behavior in overweight and obese preschool children
- Cord blood klotho levels are inversely associated with leptin in healthy Latino neonates at risk for obesity
- Still too little, too late? Ten years of growth hormone therapy baseline data from the NordiNet® International Outcome Study
- Body composition and metabolic health of young male adults with childhood-onset multiple pituitary hormone deficiency after cessation of growth hormone treatment
- Hematuria as an adverse outcome following provocative growth hormone stimulation testing in children
- Bone mineral density comparison of adolescents with constitutional thinness and anorexia nervosa
- Adult height in patients with familial male-limited precocious puberty and the role of an aromatase inhibitor in patient management
- Association between UCP polymorphisms and adipokines with obesity in Mexican adolescents
- Impact of childhood type 1 diabetes on maternal work-family relations
- Case Reports
- Hyperthyroidism in an infant of a mother with autoimmune hypothyroidism with positive TSH receptor antibodies
- Sanjad-Sakati syndrome with macrocytic anemia and failure to thrive: a case from South Jordan
- In iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, steroid therapy today could keep the surgical knife at bay
- Graves’ disease following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: case report and literature review
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Review and evaluation of patient-centered psychosocial assessments for children with central precocious puberty or early puberty
- Mini Review
- Childhood obesity: how long should we wait to predict weight?
- Original Articles
- Glycated hemoglobin A1c as a screening test for detecting type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese children and adolescents
- Effect of a multidisciplinary treatment program on eating behavior in overweight and obese preschool children
- Cord blood klotho levels are inversely associated with leptin in healthy Latino neonates at risk for obesity
- Still too little, too late? Ten years of growth hormone therapy baseline data from the NordiNet® International Outcome Study
- Body composition and metabolic health of young male adults with childhood-onset multiple pituitary hormone deficiency after cessation of growth hormone treatment
- Hematuria as an adverse outcome following provocative growth hormone stimulation testing in children
- Bone mineral density comparison of adolescents with constitutional thinness and anorexia nervosa
- Adult height in patients with familial male-limited precocious puberty and the role of an aromatase inhibitor in patient management
- Association between UCP polymorphisms and adipokines with obesity in Mexican adolescents
- Impact of childhood type 1 diabetes on maternal work-family relations
- Case Reports
- Hyperthyroidism in an infant of a mother with autoimmune hypothyroidism with positive TSH receptor antibodies
- Sanjad-Sakati syndrome with macrocytic anemia and failure to thrive: a case from South Jordan
- In iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, steroid therapy today could keep the surgical knife at bay
- Graves’ disease following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: case report and literature review
