Structural, dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics of (Bi0.9Gd0.1)(Ni0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramic
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Smitashree Singh
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Nitin Kumar
Abstract
Gadolinium (10 %)-modified bismuth nickel titanate (BNTO) ceramic, was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The as-synthesized ceramic was calcined at a temperature of 900 °C. The current work shows the synthesis, structural and dielectric characteristics of (Bi0.9Gd0.1)(Ni0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramic. Further characteristics were investigated using analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction and a phase-sensitive meter. The surface morphology of the ceramic compound was confirmed through scanning electron microscope analysis. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirms the purity of the sample with an equivalent amount of weight and atomic percentage. The dielectric and impedance properties of ceramic were analyzed by computing the dielectric response over a selected range of frequency and temperature. The P–E loop tracer was used to study the ferroelectric nature of the sample. Based on the enhancement of its electrical properties, this ceramic may be useful for various electronic applications.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: Smitashree Singh: writing– original draft, data collection, analysis; Alok Shukla: Methodology, Reviewing and Editing; Nitin Kumar: writing– Reviewing and Editing; Ram Naresh Prasad Choudhary: Conceptualization, Methodology. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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