香港中文判決書的語言使用與語言規範
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王 培光
王培光為香港城市大學中文及歷史學系副教授。曾於浸會大學與中文大學任教，並曾訪問哈佛大學。 現為《語言文字應用》編委，曾為《亞太語文教育》與《香港中文大學教育學報》編委。 曾任香港政府語文及教育常務委員會委員 (2003–2009)，亦曾任世界漢語教學學會理事 (1988–2010)，也是中國社會語言學會理事與香港中國語文學會理事。曾是嶺南大學、公開大學與香港教育學院校外考試委員。現為嶺南大學中國語文教學與測試中心的顧問。主要研究興趣在教學語法、語感、語言規劃、社會語言學與中國思想等。
作者通讯地址：香港九龍達之路香港城市大學中文及歷史學系
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蘇 金智
蘇金智，香港理工大學哲學博士，教育部語言文字應用研究所研究員，中國社會科學院研究生院教授。中國社會語言學會會長，《中國社會語言學》雜誌主編。 1995 年起，曾多次應邀到香港和澳門從事合作研究。主要研究領域為社會語言學，研究興趣主要有：中國語言與文化的歷史，社會語言學的理論與歷史，語言規劃與語言政策，語言與法律，語言接觸與語言變化，港澳臺語言等，在國內外發表中英文論文 100 多篇。
作者通讯地址：北京朝陽門內南小街 51 號教育部語言文字應用研究所 (100010)
摘要
本文在對香港中文判決書語料的研究中，發現其語言使用存在着三個重要問題：表達不清；術語不統一；語言使用與標準漢語有一定差別。作者在中文判決書和英文判決書比較分析的基礎上進一步發現英語在句法層面上對中文判決書語言使用方面的影響主要有：（一）套用英語的搭配方式；（二）套用英語的介詞結構；（三）套用英語的句式。本文重點在討論語言規範。文章最後對如何促進香港中文判決書的語言規範工作提出了建議。
Abstract
Earlier studies pointed out a number of language problems in the Chinese legal judgements in Hong Kong, including: 1) inconsistency of terms, 2) inappropriate adoptions of Europeanized grammar, which break Chinese language rules, and 3) use of dialectic words and grammar. This study has been conducted on a newly established database which consists of 1,089,242 Chinese characters and covers the Chinese legal judgements in Hong Kong from July 2000 to December 2010. Some Chinese legal judgements, which are translated from English legal judgements, are also compared with the original English versions. The authors suggest that 1) The Hong Kong government should establish a language planning institute to reinforce language normative work. 2) The government should conduct appropriate campaign to promote language norms to raise the language users’ awareness of the language norms. 3) Legal professionals and linguists should work together to study the language phenomena deviating from norms and help standardize the legal language. They further recommend that 1) If the litigants’ native language is Chinese, the legal case should be processed in Chinese and the judgements should be written in modern standard Chinese. 2) To improve the norms of translation for legal terms. 3) The quality of Chinese language in judgements should be enhanced in bilingual legal processes. The differences between Chinese and English should be clearly identified by legal professionals. When writing Chinese, the legal professionals should avoid the influence of European structures.
About the authors
王培光為香港城市大學中文及歷史學系副教授。曾於浸會大學與中文大學任教，並曾訪問哈佛大學。 現為《語言文字應用》編委，曾為《亞太語文教育》與《香港中文大學教育學報》編委。 曾任香港政府語文及教育常務委員會委員 (2003–2009)，亦曾任世界漢語教學學會理事 (1988–2010)，也是中國社會語言學會理事與香港中國語文學會理事。曾是嶺南大學、公開大學與香港教育學院校外考試委員。現為嶺南大學中國語文教學與測試中心的顧問。主要研究興趣在教學語法、語感、語言規劃、社會語言學與中國思想等。
作者通讯地址：香港九龍達之路香港城市大學中文及歷史學系
Wong Pui Kwong is an Associate Professor of Department of Chinese and History, City University of Hong Kong. Previously he has taught at Hong Kong Baptist University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and has been a Visiting Scholar at the Harvard University. He is currently Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Yuyan Wenji Yingyong (Applied Linguistics) and former Member of the Editorial Board of the International Advisory Panel of Asia Pacific Journal of Language in Education. He served as a committee member of a consultative committee of Hong Kong Government, (Standing Committee on Language Education and Research, 2003–2009), and a committee member of the International Chinese Language Teaching Society (1988–2010). He is also a committee member of the Chinese Language Society of Hong Kong. He was the External Examiner of the Chinese courses of the Hong Kong Lingnan University, the Hong Kong Open University and the Hong Kong Institute of Education. He is now the academic advisor of Hong Kong Lingnan University’s Chinese Language Education and Assessment Centre. His research interests include pedagogical grammar, language awareness, language planning and Chinese thought.
蘇金智，香港理工大學哲學博士，教育部語言文字應用研究所研究員，中國社會科學院研究生院教授。中國社會語言學會會長，《中國社會語言學》雜誌主編。 1995 年起，曾多次應邀到香港和澳門從事合作研究。主要研究領域為社會語言學，研究興趣主要有：中國語言與文化的歷史，社會語言學的理論與歷史，語言規劃與語言政策，語言與法律，語言接觸與語言變化，港澳臺語言等，在國內外發表中英文論文 100 多篇。
作者通讯地址：北京朝陽門內南小街 51 號教育部語言文字應用研究所 (100010)
Su Jinzhi earned his PhD at Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Applied Linguistics, Ministry of Education of PRC. He is also professor at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He currently is President of the Association of Chinese Sociolinguistics and Chief-editor of The Journal of Chinese Sociolinguistics. He has been invited to Hong Kong and Macao for cooperative research time after time since 1995. His fields of specialization include the history of Chinese language and cultures, sociolinguistic theory and history, language planning and language policy, language and law，language contact and language change and language use in Hong Kong Macao, and Taiwan. He has published more than 100 reports and papers in Chinese and in English.
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