Skip to main content
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

北美书面汉语语法特点探析 ——— 基于互联网中文文本的考察

  • 詹卫东, 1999 年获北京大学博士学位。现为北京大学中文系教授,计算语言学研究所副所长、中国语言学研究中心副主任。社会兼职有全国语言文字标准化技术委员会语法语篇分技术委员会秘书长,中国中文信息学会理事、《中文信息学报》编委,《语言学论丛》编辑等。主要研究领域为现代汉语语法、语言知识工程、中文信息处理等。著有《面向中文信息处理的现代汉语短语结构规则研究》(清华大学出版社 2000 年),参编教材《现代汉语》(高等教育出版社 2014 年),《计算语言学概论》(商务印书馆 2003 年),修订国家语言文字标准《出版物上数字用法》( GB/T 15835-2011 ),主编《〈出版物上数字用法〉解读》。在《中国语文》《语言科学》《中文信息学报》《语言学论丛》《汉语学报》等重要刊物发表论文多篇。

    and

    陶红印,洛杉矶加州大学亚洲语言文化系及应用语言学系教授、中文部主任,同时兼任美国教育部资助的宾州州立大学高级汉语教学研究项目主任。曾任(2014 年度)美国中文教师学会会长。目前担任 Chinese Language and Discourse (《汉语语言和话语学报》) 国际杂志共同主编、 Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse (《汉语语言和话语研究》) 国际丛书系列执行主编以及《当代语言学》等十多个杂志及丛书系列编委。主要研究兴趣在于汉语话语语法、语料库语言学、汉语教学以及英语语言学等。主要研究成果包括 Units in Mandarin Conversation (1996), Working with Spoken Chinese (2011) 等。

    EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 29, 2016

摘要

过去有关海外不同地区汉语变体的研究主要集中在离中国大陆比较近的港台、东南亚等地,本文作为国家社科基金立项 “全球华语语法研究” 重大课题的一个构成部分,把研究范围扩大到北美汉语的语法特点。我们首先建立了一个大规模的北美汉语书面语语料库,同时在参考以往有关海外华语语法特点研究文献的基础上,拟定了一批语法调查项目,并在语料中逐项做了采样调查。同时也讨论了英语对中文表达的影响。最后,基于本文的研究发现,我们对全球华语语法的整体研究提出了一些初步的看法,包括考察区域变体的语法特点时的方法论问题以及华语社区语法变异的趋同现象及其原因,希望对今后的研究起到一些帮助作用。

Abstract

Existing research on overseas Chinese varieties has tended to focus on Asian regions where there are large Chinese communities. This project, which is part of a larger global Chinese research project funded by the Chinese National Social Science Foundation, expands the scope to North American Chinese, focusing on grammatical features. We first describe the North American written Chinese corpus that is built for this project. We then describe some of the salient grammatical features found in the corpus. On the basis of the findings, we make proposals regarding some methodological issues in investigating global Chinese structural features. Finally, we point out the convergence tendency across global Chinese varieties and attempt to offer explanations for such a tendency.

About the authors

詹 卫东

詹卫东, 1999 年获北京大学博士学位。现为北京大学中文系教授,计算语言学研究所副所长、中国语言学研究中心副主任。社会兼职有全国语言文字标准化技术委员会语法语篇分技术委员会秘书长,中国中文信息学会理事、《中文信息学报》编委,《语言学论丛》编辑等。主要研究领域为现代汉语语法、语言知识工程、中文信息处理等。著有《面向中文信息处理的现代汉语短语结构规则研究》(清华大学出版社 2000 年),参编教材《现代汉语》(高等教育出版社 2014 年),《计算语言学概论》(商务印书馆 2003 年),修订国家语言文字标准《出版物上数字用法》( GB/T 15835-2011 ),主编《〈出版物上数字用法〉解读》。在《中国语文》《语言科学》《中文信息学报》《语言学论丛》《汉语学报》等重要刊物发表论文多篇。

Wei-Dong Zhan is a Professor at the Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University. He is the vice director of Institute of Computational Linguistics and also the vice director of Center for Chinese Linguistics of Peking University. He is the secretary-general of a sub-committee of National Committee of Standardization of Chinese Language & Characters and a member of the council of Chinese Information Processing Society of China. He also serves on the editorial board of Journal of Chinese Information Processing. He received his PhD in Chinese linguistics from Peking University in 1999. His main research interest is in Chinese syntax, language engineering, and Chinese information processing. His Ph.D dissertation, A study of constructing rules of phrases in contemporary Chinese for Chinese information processing, was published in 2000 by Tsinghua University Press. He co-edited two textbooks, Modern Chinese, which was published in 2014 by Higher Education Press, and An introduction to computational linguistics, which was published in 2003 by The Commercial Press. He is the first author of the amendment of national standard "General rules for writing numerals in publishing texts" (GB/T 15835-2011). He also compiled a book as a user guide of the standard, which was published in 2012 by Language & Culture Press. In addition to those books and book chapters, he also published dozens of articles in leading academic journals of China.

陶 红印

陶红印,洛杉矶加州大学亚洲语言文化系及应用语言学系教授、中文部主任,同时兼任美国教育部资助的宾州州立大学高级汉语教学研究项目主任。曾任(2014 年度)美国中文教师学会会长。目前担任 Chinese Language and Discourse (《汉语语言和话语学报》) 国际杂志共同主编、 Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse (《汉语语言和话语研究》) 国际丛书系列执行主编以及《当代语言学》等十多个杂志及丛书系列编委。主要研究兴趣在于汉语话语语法、语料库语言学、汉语教学以及英语语言学等。主要研究成果包括 Units in Mandarin Conversation (1996), Working with Spoken Chinese (2011) 等。

Hongyin Tao is Professor of Chinese language and linguistics and applied linguistics and TESL and coordinator of the Chinese language program at UCLA. His areas of expertise include Mandarin discourse and grammar, corpus linguistics, and applied linguistics. He is a past president of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, USA, and serves on over a dozen editorial boards, including being co-editor of the journal Chinese Language and Discourse (CLD) and Executive Editor of the CLD companion book series, Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse, both with the John Benjamins Publishing Company. Major publications include Units in Mandarin Conversation: Prosody, Discourse, and Grammar, John Benjamins, 1996)and Working with Spoken Chinese (2011).

参考文献

Chao, Yuen Ren, 1968, A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, Berkeley: University of California Press.Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Kan and Hongyin Tao, 2014. The rise of a high transitivity marker 到 dao in contemporary Chinese: Co-evolvement of language and society. Chinese Language and Discourse, 5.1: 25–52.10.1075/cld.5.1.02cheSearch in Google Scholar

Chiu, Hsin-fu, 2011, Interactional Account of Relational Harmony in Chinese Immigrant Families: A Comparative Perspective, Dissertation of University of California, Los Angeles.Search in Google Scholar

Gries, Th. Stefan, 2003, Grammatical Variation in English: A Question of ‘Structure vs. Function’? Gunter Rohdenburg & Britta Mondorf, 2003, Determinants of Grammatical Variation in English, Berlin; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 2003. pp.155–174.10.1515/9783110900019.155Search in Google Scholar

Huang, Chu-Ren, Lin, Jingxia, Jiang, Menghan, Xu, Hongzhi, 2014, Corpus-based Study and Identification of Mandarin Chinese Light Verb Variations, In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Applying NLP Tools to Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects, pp. 1–10, Dublin, Ireland, August 23 2014.10.3115/v1/W14-5301Search in Google Scholar

Hundt, Marianne, 2001, Grammatical Variation in National Varieties of English —The Corpus-based Approach. In: Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire. Vol.79, No.3, 2001. Langues et littératures modernes-Moderne taal-en letterkunde. pp. 737–756. doi : 10.3406/rbph.2001.4545.10.3406/rbph.2001.4545Search in Google Scholar

Lin, Chih Ying, Woodfield, Helen, Ren, Wei, 2012, Compliments in Taiwan and Mainland Chinese: The Influence of Region and Compliment Topic, Journal of Pragmatics, Vol.44, Issue 11, September 2012, pp. 1486–1502.10.1016/j.pragma.2012.06.012Search in Google Scholar

Lin, Jingxia, Jiang, Menghan and Huang, Chu-Ren, 2014, A Comparable Corpus Driven, Multivariate Approach to Light Verb Variations in World, Presented in Second Asia Pacific Corpus Linguistics Conference (APCLC 2014) 7–9 March 2014, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.Search in Google Scholar

Ryan, Camille, 2013. Language Use in the United States: 2011. American Community Survey Reports.US Census Bureau. Issues August 2013. https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf (last accessed July 6, 2015).Search in Google Scholar

Xiao, Yun, 2012. Chinese language in the United States: An ethnolinguistic perspective. In Linda Tsung, Ken Cruickshank, eds., Teaching and Learning Chinese in Global Contexts. 181–195. London: Continuum.Search in Google Scholar

刁晏斌, 2012,两岸四地的 “遭” 字句及其与 “被” 字句的差异,《语言教学与研究》2012 年第 5 期。Search in Google Scholar

郭熙, 2001,汉语的国际地位及海外华语未来的走向,在马来西亚韩江学院的演讲稿节录,2001 年 8 月 23 日,http://www.huayuqiao.org/articles/guoxi/guoxi9.htmSearch in Google Scholar

侯昌硕, 2003,从台湾当代小说看海峡两岸汉语的语法差异——兼析两岸语言融合的态势,《延安大学学报(社会科学版)》2003 年第 4 期,pp. 98–102。Search in Google Scholar

黄立诗,2013,马来西亚华语口语部分特殊语法现象研究,北京师范大学博士学位论文。Search in Google Scholar

李计伟, 2012,“两个三角” 理论与海外华语语法特点的发掘,《汉语学报》2012 年第 3 期,pp. 25–32。Search in Google Scholar

陆俭明, 2001,新加坡华语句法特点及其规范问题(上),《海外华文教育》2001 年第 4 期, pp. 1–11。Search in Google Scholar

陆俭明,2002,新加坡华语句法特点及其规范问题(下),《海外华文教育》2002 年第 1 期,pp. 1–10。Search in Google Scholar

邵敬敏、石定栩, 2006,“港式中文” 与语言变体,《华东师范大学学报》2006 年第 2 期,pp. 84–90。10.1007/3-540-28582-2_7Search in Google Scholar

邵敬敏、吴立红, 2005,香港社区英文词语夹用现象剖析,《语言文字应用》2005 年第 4 期,pp. 37–44。Search in Google Scholar

石定栩、王灿龙、朱志瑜, 2002,香港书面汉语句法变异:粤语的移用、文言的保留及其他,《语言文字应用》,2002 年第 3 期。pp. 23–32。10.17077/0021-065X.5493Search in Google Scholar

石定栩、王冬梅, 2006,香港汉语书面语的语法特点,《中国语文》2006 年第 2 期,pp. 118–126。10.1157/13083886Search in Google Scholar

石定栩、朱志瑜, 1999,英语对香港书面汉语句法的影响,《外国语》1999 年第 4 期,pp. 2–11。Search in Google Scholar

石定栩、朱志瑜、王灿龙, 2003,香港书面汉语中的英语句法迁移,《外语教学与研究》2003 年第 1 期。pp. 4–12。Search in Google Scholar

苏金智, 1997,英语对香港语言使用的影响,《中国语文》1997 年第 3 期,pp. 219–226。Search in Google Scholar

田小琳、马毛朋, 2013,港式中文语序问题略论,《汉语学报》2013 年第 1 期,pp. 69–75。10.1007/978-94-007-6049-3_10Search in Google Scholar

项梦冰、曹晖, 1992,大陆的汉语方言语法研究,《云南师范大学哲学社会科学学报》1992年第 6 期。pp. 73–75。10.1016/S0985-0562(05)80367-XSearch in Google Scholar

刑福义、汪国胜,2012, 全球华语语法研究的基本构想[J].《云南大学学报》2012 年第 6 期。Search in Google Scholar

徐大明、陶红印、谢天蔚,1997,《当代社会语言学》,北京:中国社会科学出版社 1997 年版。Search in Google Scholar

赵春利、石定栩, 2012,港式中文差比句的类型与特点,《云南师范大学学报》(哲社版)2012 年第 6 期,pp. 8–16。Search in Google Scholar

赵一凡,2005,半个世纪中两岸三地语法的发展与变异机器规范化对策,黑龙江大学硕士学位论文。Search in Google Scholar

赵一凡, 2013,闽粤方言语法对两岸三地书面语语法的渗透,《现代语文:下旬·语言研究》2013 年第 8 期,pp. 55–57。Search in Google Scholar

周敏、林闽钢, “从新移民和新华人聚居区看美国华人移民社区的变迁”,《华夏人文地理》2003 年第 17 期,pp. 115–120。10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00701.xSearch in Google Scholar

祝晓宏,2008,新加坡华语语法变异研究,暨南大学博士学位论文 2008 年。Search in Google Scholar

祝晓宏,2014,海外华语语法研究:现状、问题及前瞻,《集美大学学报》(哲社版)2014 年第 1 期。Search in Google Scholar

朱德熙,1982,《语法讲义》,北京:商务印书馆。Search in Google Scholar


本研究得到 2011 年度国家社科基金重大课题 “全球华语语法研究” (批准号 11 & ZD128) 以及华中师范大学语言学与语言教学研究中心的资助。特此致谢。


Published Online: 2016-3-29
Published in Print: 2016-4-1

©2016 by De Gruyter Mouton

Downloaded on 30.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/glochi-2016-0003/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button