Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 3. Use of Propylene Carbonate as Resin Cure Accelerator
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C. Amen-Chen
Summary
Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resols were prepared with different proportions of phenol replaced with softwood bark pyrolysis oils under varying formaldehyde to phenolics molar ratios and sodium hydroxide contents. Propylene carbonate (PC) was added to these adhesives to improve the cure of resins. The cure behavior was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Cure kinetics and amount of cure of the experimental resin were improved by adding PC to the resins. Low amounts of PC were used (less than 1.5% of PC on a resin solid basis) to avoid premature gelling of the adhesives. Results obtained by DSC suggested that PC catalyzed the resin cure reaction and also participated in resin cross-linking reactions. Low percentages of PC, 0.5 and 1% on a resin solid basis, were added to the experimental resins for bonding strandboards. These addition levels did not significantly improve mechanical properties of strandboards. It is concluded that a PC addition level of more than 1% by wt (on a resin solid basis) should be used to modify the mechanical properties of panels bonded with pyrolysis oil-PF resins.
Copyright © 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Weight Loss and Cell Wall Degradation in Rubberwood Caused by Sapstain Fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae
- Changes of EPR Spectra of Wood Impregnated with Copper-Based Preservatives during Exposure to Several Wood-Rotting Fungi
- Quantitative Analyses of Morphological Variation of Cross-Sectional Tracheids of Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) Near Knot by Image Processing
- Direct Effects of Wood Characteristics on Pulp and Handsheet Properties of Eucalyptus globulus
- Identification of the Lignan Nortrachelogenin in Knot and Branch Heartwood of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
- Chemical Composition of Lipophilic and Phenolic Constituents of Barks from Pinus nigra, Abies bornmülleriana and Castanea sativa
- Pinus pinaster Oleoresin in Plus Trees
- Determination of Polyphenolic Content of Bark Extracts for Wood Adhesives
- Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 2. Thermal Analysis by DSC and TG
- Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 3. Use of Propylene Carbonate as Resin Cure Accelerator
- Steam Explosion of Aspen Wood. Characterisation of Reaction Products
- Characterization of Black Liquors from Soda-AQ Pulping of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)
- Modification of the Nitrogen Content and C:N Ratio of Sitka Spruce Timber by Kiln and Air Drying
- High Resolution Measurement of the Surface Layer Moisture Content during Drying of Wood Using a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique
- Longitudinal Permeability and Diffusivity of Steam in Beech Determined with a Wicke-Kallenbach-Cell
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