Models for Combining Random and Systematic Errors. Assumptions and Consequences for different Models
-
Per Hyltoft Petersen
Abstract
A series of models for handling and combining systematic and random variations/errors are investigated in order to characterize the different models according to their purpose, their application, and discuss their flaws with regard to their assumptions. The following models are considered 1. linear model, where the random and systematic elements are combined according to a linear concept (TE=|bias|+z·σ), where TE is total error, bias is the systematic error component, σ is the random error component (standard deviation or coefficient of variation) and z is the probability factor; 2. squared model with two sub-models of which one is the classical statistical variance model and the other is the GUM (Guide to Uncertainty in Measurements) model for estimating uncertainty of a measurement; 3. combined model developed for the estimation of analytical quality specifications according to the clinical consequences (clinical outcome) of errors.
The consequences of these models are investigated by calculation of the functions of transformation of bias into imprecision according to the assumptions and model calculations. As expected, the functions turn out to be rather different with considerable consequences for these types of transformations.
It is concluded that there are at least three models for combining systematic and random variation/errors, each created for its own specific purpose, with its own assumptions and resulting in considerably different results. These models should be used according to their purposes.
Copyright © 2001 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Artikel in diesem Heft
- The Impact of Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Determination on the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure
- Models for Combining Random and Systematic Errors. Assumptions and Consequences for different Models
- Nucleosomes in Serum as a Marker for Cell Death
- Comparative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Water Permeability of Red Blood Cells from Maternal Venous Blood and Newborn Umbilical Cord Blood
- Optimization of Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis for Screening for the Estrogen Receptor-α Gene Polymorphism P325P
- Serum Total Renin after Tubal Sterilization
- Oxidative Stress and Male IGF-1, Gonadotropin and Related Hormones in Diabetic Patients
- New PCR-Based Method for the Sp1 Site Polymorphism in the COL1A1 Gene
- Comparability of Serum and Plasma Concentrations of Haemostasis Activation Markers
- Importance of Validation of Immunoassays for Intact Proinsulin
- Plant Sterol-Enriched Margarine Lowers Plasma LDL in Hyperlipidemic Subjects with low Cholesterol Intake: Effect of Fibrate Treatment
- Menopause, Coronary Artery Disease and Antioxidants
- Arterial Tissue of Arsenic, Selenium and Iron in Blackfoot Disease Patients
- Evaluation of Aution Max AX-4280 Automated Urine Test-Strip Analyser
- Evaluation of Automated Enzyme Immunoassays for the Detection of Antibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens
- Metrological Requirements for Clinical Laboratories
Artikel in diesem Heft
- The Impact of Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Determination on the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure
- Models for Combining Random and Systematic Errors. Assumptions and Consequences for different Models
- Nucleosomes in Serum as a Marker for Cell Death
- Comparative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Water Permeability of Red Blood Cells from Maternal Venous Blood and Newborn Umbilical Cord Blood
- Optimization of Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis for Screening for the Estrogen Receptor-α Gene Polymorphism P325P
- Serum Total Renin after Tubal Sterilization
- Oxidative Stress and Male IGF-1, Gonadotropin and Related Hormones in Diabetic Patients
- New PCR-Based Method for the Sp1 Site Polymorphism in the COL1A1 Gene
- Comparability of Serum and Plasma Concentrations of Haemostasis Activation Markers
- Importance of Validation of Immunoassays for Intact Proinsulin
- Plant Sterol-Enriched Margarine Lowers Plasma LDL in Hyperlipidemic Subjects with low Cholesterol Intake: Effect of Fibrate Treatment
- Menopause, Coronary Artery Disease and Antioxidants
- Arterial Tissue of Arsenic, Selenium and Iron in Blackfoot Disease Patients
- Evaluation of Aution Max AX-4280 Automated Urine Test-Strip Analyser
- Evaluation of Automated Enzyme Immunoassays for the Detection of Antibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens
- Metrological Requirements for Clinical Laboratories
