Impact Factor: 4.1

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Reviews in the Neurosciences

Editor-in-Chief: Joseph P. Huston
Editorial Board: Bianca Topic , Hojjat Adeli , Gyorgy Buzsaki , Jacqueline Crawley , Tim Crow , Paul Gold , Florian Holsboer , Carsten Korth , Jay-Shake Li , Gert Lubec , Bruce McEwen , Weihong Pan , Mikhail Pletnikov , Trevor Robbins , Alfons Schnitzler and Oswald Steward

Language: English

First published: April 1, 1987

Publication Frequency: 8 issues per year

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About this journal

Reviews in the Neurosciences provides a forum for reviews, critical evaluations and theoretical treatment of selective topics in the neurosciences. The journal is meant to provide an authoritative reference work for those interested in the structure and functions of the nervous system at all levels of analysis, including the genetic, molecular, cellular, behavioral, cognitive and clinical neurosciences. Contributions should contain a critical appraisal of specific areas and not simply a compilation of published articles.

Previously published by Freund Publishing House Ltd.

Topics

Neurology
Psychiatry
Neuropharmacology
Neurochemistry
Neurophysiology
Behavioral Psychology
Pharmacology
Neuroanatomy

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Reviews

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Rich publishing tradition since 1987
Critical approach to neurosciences
Comprehensive overview of all levels of analysis
Pioneering contributions bringing you up to date
Online publication ahead of print

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Prefrontal cortex cytosolic and synaptosome proteome reveal molecular signatures of resilience to chronic social isolation stress in rats

September 26, 2025

Dragana Filipović, Christoph W. Turck

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Chronic social isolation stress (CSIS) is a well-established preclinical model for studying stress-induced neurobiological changes and their effects on behavior and brain function in depression. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region essential for emotional regulation, cognitive control, and social interactions, is particularly susceptible to stress. While CSIS exposure triggers molecular and behavioral changes characteristic of depression-like behavior, a subset of animals displays a resilient phenotype, maintaining normal neurobiological and behavioral function despite experiencing adverse conditions. Understanding the molecular differences between resilient and susceptible phenotypes is crucial for identifying biomarkers and developing novel therapeutic targets for depression. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics, combined with bioinformatics approaches, provides a powerful tool for exploring these complex cellular processes. This review focuses on proteomic changes in cytosolic and synaptosome-enriched fractions of the PFC in adult male rats following CSIS exposure, with particular emphasis on differences between resilient and susceptible animals. We summarize findings of differential protein expression across multiple biological systems, including energy metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, cellular stress defense mechanisms, neurotransmitter regulation, and synaptic function. Additionally, we present protein predictors of resilience to CSIS identified through machine learning-based analyses, highlighting potential pathways for preventing and mitigating depression-like outcomes following CSIS.
Open Access
Resting-state brain dynamics: insights from oscillatory activity in brain networks

October 2, 2025

Jessica Samogin, Sara Zago, Alessandro Tonin, Maura Seynaeve, Toon de Beukelaar, Camillo Porcaro, Daniele Marinazzo, Giorgio Arcara, Dante Mantini

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Our understanding of brain function has shifted from a focus on localized processing to an emphasis on dynamic interactions among distributed neuronal assemblies connected through structural networks. The resting state provides an ideal condition to study these processes, free from task-related influences. Early work highlighted the role of electrophysiological oscillations in facilitating long-range synchronization, while later neuroimaging studies revealed large-scale networks characterized by correlated hemodynamic activity. Multimodal approaches have linked these hemodynamic signals to their electrophysiological origins, offering insights into the neural basis of resting-state connectivity. Electrophysiological studies also show that synchronization patterns evolve rapidly, underscoring the brain’s dynamic nature. These oscillatory changes in distributed networks are thought to support behavioral flexibility by modulating task representations in real time. Importantly, altered oscillatory dynamics are implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, and neuromodulatory interventions often aim to normalize oscillatory patterns. This review synthesizes evidence from electrophysiology and neuroimaging on resting-state brain dynamics, with a focus on synchronized oscillatory activity. We will examine how oscillations contribute to long-range neuronal communication, discuss models describing mechanisms underlying functional interactions between distant regions, and highlight the promise of multimodal approaches for clarifying the temporal structure of brain networks and their relevance to flexible cognition.
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Geographic disparities in prestigious neuroscience research

January 8, 2026

Marziah Hakim, Peytn Stokes-Marshall, Kate Beecher, Joshua Wang

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The researchers who conduct, author and review neuroscience studies inherently shape both the findings and the segments of society that ultimately benefit from the research. Generally, Western high-income nations dominate the production and dissemination of the majority of prestigious scientific research. However, the extent of geographic disparities across the neuroscience research pipeline, including at the level of editors, peer reviewers, authors, and research participants, have not been examined. This article synthesizes meta-research studies examining geographic disparities in neuroscience research, supplemented by an analysis of the properties of 2,013 articles published in the top five most prestigious neuroscience journals between 2014 and 2023. Our review demonstrates that editorial boards and authorship of neuroscience research remains concentrated in high-income Western nations, with some evidence to suggest that authors affiliated with non-high-income nations are increasingly represented. There is currently no direct evidence to suggest that authors affiliated with non-high-income countries experience disparities in peer review delays or public engagement with their research. However, our analysis shows that these authors’ works receive fewer citations than their high-income nation-affiliated colleagues’. Further, while very few non-high-income nation-affiliated researchers first-author prestigious neuroscience publications, a relatively greater proportion of these prestigious publications use data from research participants in non-high-income nations. We conclude the review by summarizing current initiatives aimed at reducing geographic disparities in neuroscience research.
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The versatile and multifacetic role of astrocytes in response to ketogenic interventions

December 9, 2025

Perla Coronado-Monroy, Lourdes Massieu

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Ketone therapies refer to metabolic interventions aimed to elevate circulating levels of ketone bodies (KB), either through direct supplementation or stimulating endogenous production via medium-chain fatty acids intake, ketogenic diets, caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, or exercise. These strategies have gained attention as potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases by preserving neuronal function, improving metabolic efficiency, and enhancing cellular resilience to stress. KB are taken up and metabolized by various brain cell types–including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendroglia and microglia–under basal and pathological conditions. However, their cell-type-specific effects remain incompletely understood. Notably, although astrocytes play a key role in supporting neuronal metabolism and can both produce and utilize KB, research has focused predominantly on neuronal responses, leaving the impact of ketotherapeutics on astrocytes relatively unexplored. This review aims to compile and discuss current evidence concerning astrocytes responses to both exogenous and endogenous ketotherapeutic strategies. Although still limited, available studies reveal that astrocytes undergo dynamic changes in response to these interventions, including morphological remodeling, calcium signaling modulation, transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, regulation of transporters, and neurotransmitter uptake–a crucial process for synaptic function. Astrocytes appear to actively contribute to the neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects of ketone therapies, particularly in the context of aging and disease. However, significant gaps still remain, concerning the stage when ketone therapy should be initiated, the underlying mechanisms, regional specificity, and long-term consequences. Future research focused on astrocyte heterogeneity, activation of intracellular pathways, and metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming will enable the translational potential of astrocyte-targeted ketone therapies for neurological disorders.
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Fast cortical oscillations as a potential network mechanism for language processing

December 15, 2025

Roger D. Traub, Mark O. Cunningham, Nikolaus Maier, Andreas Draguhn

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Since the 19th century, the study of brain mechanisms of language has depended on available tools: the clinical study of language-impaired patients, with neuropathological correlates, in the style of Broca and Wernicke; imaging techniques including MRI, functional MRI, and MRI tractography; and direct stimulation of, and recording from, the brains of conscious patients performing language tasks. These tasks can be directed or spontaneous and occur typically in the course of evaluations prior to surgery or intraoperatively. The study of brain and language occurs in the context of classical linguistics, with its (relative) distinctions between semantics and syntax, and its requirements for formal analysis in the latter. A consequence has been the effort to parcellate regions of the left hemisphere (of most individuals) in terms of distinct linguistic functions, and to characterize the anatomical connections between parcels: the various fascicles. In parallel, invasive brain recordings of activity at the level of networks or multiple single cells have allowed correlation of localized electrical signals with linguistic parameters. Recently, however, a paradigm shift has begun concerning the proper framework for interpreting language-related brain measurements. Partly this has occurred because of the success of large language models (LLMs), which do not include explicit dependence on formal syntactic/semantic distinctions. As a result, electrical brain measurements are now examined with a focus on interactions between multiple small cortical “modules.” In this paper, we examine the cellular physiology underlying the activities of modules and their interactions, with emphasis on the mechanisms and functions of fast brain oscillations.
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BDNF gene polymorphisms and substance use disorders: a systematic review

November 5, 2025

Danil Peregud, Valeria Baronets, Olga Pavlova, Konstantin Pavlov

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The development of substance use disorders (SUDs) is partly determined by genetic factors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) underlies the neurobiological mechanisms of action of psychoactive substances (PASs) and development of SUDs, while genetic markers within the BDNF gene may be associated with a risk of SUDs and accompanied clinical manifestations. This is a systematic review of the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the BDNF gene locus and various aspects of SUDs. We searched, appraised, and summarized the research evidence of these associations for the main pharmacological groups of PASs (tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, opioids, and stimulants). Most studies have focused on the functional Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism. They demonstrated that the rs6265 Met (T) allele may be a protective factor for the development of SUDs. In addition to rs6265, other individual BDNF -related SNPs and the corresponding haplotypes were associated with the risk of the development of SUDs, their clinical manifestations, presence of comorbidity, and sensitivity to pharmacotherapy. The identified associations often depended on the studied population and were influenced by sex and ancestry. Established BDNF -related genetic markers or their combinations potentially may be used as objective diagnostic or prognostic criteria in clinical practice.
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Prognostic factors in prolonged disorders of consciousness: a narrative review

October 1, 2025

Yanhua Li, Liping Ning, Xiaohua Fan

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Elucidating the factors that influence the recovery of impaired consciousness in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) is essential for guiding neurorehabilitation strategies and improving prognostic accuracy. This review synthesizes evidence from multiple studies that investigated prognostic factors in pDoC using various approaches, including clinical and demographic characteristics, biomarkers, behavioral assessments, pharmacological treatments, neuromodulation techniques, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography. Results indicate that several indicators show significant correlations with functional outcomes at follow-up intervals ranging from 2 months to several years. These findings assist in selecting appropriate assessment tools and support clinical decision-making for pDoC patients. However, limitations such as small sample sizes, absence of control groups, and heterogeneity in follow-up durations were noted across studies. The development of large-scale, multimodal prognostic models is warranted to enhance clinical applicability and predictive power.
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The role of emotion in economic decision making: behavioral and neurophysiological evidence from the Wheel of Fortune Gambling Task

January 6, 2026

Tingting Zhang, Ronald Kipkirui Ngetich, Junjun Zhang, Zhenlan Jin, Ling Li

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Decision making is frequently influenced by factors such as an individual’s emotional state, cognitive biases, social influences, and environmental constraints. Understanding how these factors influence the way decisions are made is essential for optimizing and improving this cognitive process. Therefore, this review examines the theoretical basis of emotion-influenced decision making. Here, we integrate insights from eye-tracking, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence, as well as behavioral findings. We specifically review evidence from studies applying the Wheel of Fortune Gambling Task paradigm. Through critical and reflective synthesis, we (1) present suggestions for distinguishing between emotion types in decision-making theoretical models, (2) identify key research gaps, and (3) explore innovative applications of emerging technologies. In essence, our review highlights the role of diverse emotions in decision making across theoretical models and neural mechanisms, utilizing the Wheel of Fortune Gambling Task paradigm to link clinical disorders with decision-making impairments. This knowledge may have implications for predicting and intervening in behavioral addictions and cognitive disorders through strategies such as the neuromodulation. Additionally, by synthesizing existing knowledge and proposing new avenues for research, this review aims to deepen understanding of emotion-driven decision making and inspire further exploration into this vital area of cognitive science.

Special Issue: 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors – new therapeutic targets / Guest Editor: Alfredo Meneses

Special Issue: The emotional brain and its relation to psychopathology: Edited by Patrizia Campolongo, Carlos Tomaz, Antonella Gasbarri

Special Issue: Zebrafish in Behavioral Neuroscience

to be implemented...

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Journal Impact Factor	4.1	2024, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2025)
5-year Journal Impact Factor	4.4	2024, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2025)
Journal Citation Indicator	0.88	2024, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2025)
CiteScore	8.6	2024, Scopus (Elsevier B.V., 2025)
SCImago Journal Rank	1.213	2024, SJR (Scimago Lab, 2025; Data Source: Scopus)
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	1.162	2024, CWTS Journal Indicators (CWTS B.V., 2025; Data Source: Scopus)

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Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Dr. Joseph P. Huston, Physiological Psychology, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany

Contact person
Joseph P. Huston, huston@uni-dusseldorf.de

Associate Editor
Dr. Bianca Topic, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany

Editorial Board
Prof. Dr. Hojjat Adeli, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, USA
Prof. Dr. Gyorgy Buzsaki, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University, Langone Medical Center, USA
Prof. Dr. Jacqueline N. Crawley, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute, USA
Prof. Dr. Tim J. Crow, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, UK
Prof. Dr. André Fenton, Center for Neural Science, New York University, USA
Prof. Dr. Paul E. Gold , Department of Biology, Syracuse University, USA
Prof. Dr. Florian Holsboer, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Germany
Prof. Dr. Carsten Korth, Department of Neuropathology, Neurodegeneration Unit, University of Düsseldorf Medical School, Germany
Prof. Dr. Jay-Shake Li, Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
Prof. Dr. Gert Lubec, Universität Wien, Department für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Austria
Prof. Dr. Claudia Mattern, M et P Pharma AG, Switzerland
Prof. Dr. Bruce S. McEwen, Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, USA
Prof. Dr. Mikhail V. Pletnikov, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA
Prof. Dr. Trevor W. Robbins, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
Prof. Dr. Alfons Schnitzler, Institut für Klinische Neurowissenschaften und Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany
Prof Dr. Heinz Steiner, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, USA
Prof. Dr. Oswald Steward, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California - Irvine, USA
Prof. Dr. Roger D. Traub, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, USA

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Life Sciences Neurobiology

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Journal information

Additional information

eISSN:

2191-0200

ISSN:

0334-1763

Language:

English

Publisher:

De Gruyter

Additional information

First published:

April 1, 1987

Publication Frequency:

8 issues per year

eISSN: 2191-0200

ISSN: 0334-1763

Audience(s) for this journal

Neuroscientists, Psychiatrists, Psychologists, Life Scientists, Pharmacologists, Biologists

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