Volume 7, Issue 3

This survey deals with pluri-periodic harmonic functions on lattices with values in a field of positive characteristic. We mention, as a motivation, the game “Lights Out” following the work of Sutner [20], Goldwasser- Klostermeyer-Ware [5], Barua-Ramakrishnan-Sarkar [2, 19], Hunzikel-Machiavello-Park [12] e.a.; see also [22, 23] for a more detailed account. Our approach uses harmonic analysis and algebraic geometry over a field of positive characteristic.

We give examples of failure of the existence of co-fibered products in the category of algebraic curves.

We consider the existence or otherwise of canonical divisible normal subgroups of groups in general. We present more counterexamples than positive results. These counterexamples constitute the substantive part of this paper.

In an Artinian ring R every element of R can be expressed as the sum of two units if and only if R/J(R) does not contain a summand isomorphic to the field with two elements. This result is used to describe those finite rings R for which Γ(R) contains a Hamiltonian cycle where Γ(R) is the (simple) graph defined on the elements of R with an edge between vertices r and s if and only if r - s is invertible. It is also shown that for an Artinian ring R the number of connected components of the graph Γ(R) is a power of 2.

Submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector play important roles in differential geometry, theory of harmonic maps as well as in physics. Spatial surfaces in 4D Lorentzian space forms with parallel mean curvature vector were classified by B. Y. Chen and J. Van der Veken in [9]. Recently, spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in arbitrary pseudo-Euclidean spaces are also classified in [7]. In this article, we classify spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in pseudo-Riemannian spheres and pseudo-hyperbolic spaces with arbitrary codimension and arbitrary index. Consequently, we achieve the complete classification of spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in all pseudo-Riemannian space forms. As an immediate by-product, we obtain the complete classifications of spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in arbitrary Lorentzian space forms.

R. Rimányi defined the incidence class of two singularities η and ζ as [η]|ζ, the restriction of the Thom polynomial of η to ζ. He conjectured that (under mild conditions) [η]|ζ ≠ 0 ⇔ ζ ⊂ $$ \bar \eta $$. Generalizing this notion we define the incidence class of two orbits η and ζ of a representation. We give a sufficient condition (positivity) for ζ to have the property that [η]|ζ ≠ 0 ⇔ ζ ⊂ $$ \bar \eta $$ for any other orbit η. We show that for many interesting cases, e.g. the quiver representations of Dynkin type positivity holds for all orbits. In other words in these cases the incidence classes completely determine the hierarchy of the orbits. We also study the case of singularities where positivity doesn’t hold for all orbits.

For compact Kählerian manifolds, the holomorphic pseudosymmetry reduces to the local symmetry if additionally the scalar curvature is constant and the structure function is non-negative. Similarly, the holomorphic Ricci-pseudosymmetry reduces to the Ricci-symmetry under these additional assumptions. We construct examples of non-compact essentially holomorphically pseudosymmetric Kählerian manifolds. These examples show that the compactness assumption cannot be omitted in the above stated theorem. Recently, the first examples of compact, simply connected essentially holomorphically pseudosymmetric Kählerian manifolds are discovered in [4]. In these examples, the structure functions change their signs on the manifold.

This article is concerned with estimations from below for the remainder term in Weyl’s law for the spectral counting function of certain rational (2ℓ + 1)-dimensional Heisenberg manifolds. Concentrating on the case of odd ℓ, it continues the work done in part I [21] which dealt with even ℓ.

In this paper we introduce a special kind of ordered topological spaces, called Hilbert spaces. We prove that the category of Hilbert algebras with semi-homomorphisms is dually equivalent to the category of Hilbert spaces with certain relations. We restrict this result to give a duality for the category of Hilbert algebras with homomorphisms. We apply these results to prove that the lattice of the deductive systems of a Hilbert algebra and the lattice of open subsets of its dual Hilbert space, are isomorphic. We explore how this duality is related to the duality given in [6] for finite Hilbert algebras, and with the topological duality developed in [7] for Tarski algebras.

Let A and B be standard operator algebras on Banach spaces X and Y, respectively. The peripheral spectrum σπ (T) of T is defined by σπ (T) = z ∈ σ(T): |z| = maxw∈σ(T) |w|. If surjective (not necessarily linear nor continuous) maps φ, ϕ: A → B satisfy σπ (φ(S)ϕ(T)) = σπ (ST) for all S; T ∈ A, then φ and ϕ are either of the form φ(T) = A 1 TA 2 −1 and ϕ(T) = A 2 TA 1 −1 for some bijective bounded linear operators A 1; A 2 of X onto Y, or of the form φ(T) = B 1 T*B 2 −1 and ϕ(T) = B 2 T*B −1 for some bijective bounded linear operators B 1;B 2 of X* onto Y.

A classical result on the existence of global attractors for gradient systems is extended to the case of a semigroup S(t) lacking strong continuity, but satisfying the weaker property of being a closed map for every fixed t ≥ 0.

Accurate estimates of real Pochhammer products, lower (falling) and upper (rising), are presented. Double inequalities comparing the Pochhammer products with powers are given. Several examples showing how to use the established approximations are stated.

We consider incremental problem arising in elasto-plastic models with isotropic hardening. Our goal is to derive computable and guaranteed bounds of the difference between the exact solution and any function in the admissible (energy) class of the problem considered. Such estimates are obtained by an advanced version of the variational approach earlier used for linear boundary-value problems and nonlinear variational problems with convex functionals [24, 30]. They do no contain mesh-dependent constants and are valid for any conforming approximations regardless of the method used for their derivation. It is shown that the structure of error majorant reflects properties of the exact solution so that the majorant vanishes only if an approximate solution coincides with the exact one. Moreover, it possesses necessary continuity properties, so that any sequence of approximations converging to the exact solution in the energy space generates a sequence of positive numbers (explicitly computable by the majorant functional) that tends to zero.

The purpose of this article is to present fixed point results for multivalued E ≤-contractions on ordered complete gauge space. Our theorems generalize and extend some recent results given in M. Frigon [7], S. Reich [12], I.A. Rus and A. Petruşel [15] and I.A. Rus et al. [16].

In this paper we prove two fixed point theorems for generalized contractions with constants in complete metric space, which are generalizations of very recent results of Kikkawa and Suzuki.

In this paper, considering A-statistical convergence instead of Pringsheim’s sense for double sequences, we prove a Korovkin-type approximation theorem for sequences of positive linear operators defined on the space of all real valued Bögel-type continuous and periodic functions on the whole real two-dimensional space. A strong application is also presented. Furthermore, we obtain some rates of A-statistical convergence in our approximation.

The pointwise approximation properties of the Bézier variant of the MKZ-Kantorovich operators $$ \hat M_{n,\alpha } (f,x) $$ for α ≥ 1 have been studied in [Comput. Math. Appl., 39 (2000), 1-13]. The aim of this paper is to deal with the pointwise approximation of the operators $$ \hat M_{n,\alpha } (f,x) $$ for the other case 0 < α < 1. By means of some new techniques and new inequalities we establish an estimate formula on the rate of convergence of the operators $$ \hat M_{n,\alpha } (f,x) $$ for the case 0 < α < 1. In the end we propose the q-analogue of MKZK operators.

In this paper, the concept of lacunary equi-statistical convergence is introduced and it is shown that lacunary equi-statistical convergence lies between lacunary statistical pointwise and lacunary statistical uniform convergence. Inclusion relations between equi-statistical and lacunary equi-statistical convergence are investigated and it is proved that, under some conditions, lacunary equi-statistical convergence and equi-statistical convergence are equivalent to each other. A Korovkin type approximation theorem via lacunary equi-statistical convergence is proved. Moreover it is shown that our Korovkin type approximation theorem is a non-trivial extension of some well-known Korovkin type approximation theorems. Finally the rates of lacunary equi-statistical convergence by the help of modulus of continuity of positive linear operators are studied.

The original version of the article was published in Central European Journal of Mathematics, 2005, 3(4), 591–605. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains a mistake. We give some corrections to our work.