Volume 50, Issue 3

Conjugated polymers are special materials within the organic semiconductors: They combine the advantages of “plastics” like solubility, processability, thin film forming properties, mechanical flexibility etc with the properties of semiconductors and metals. Therefore, these materials will be preferred as active substances in printed optoelectronic devices.

The realization of organic CMOS technology is a bottleneck in the construction of organic logic devices. Starting with ambipolar field-effect transistors the realization of organic CMOS elements will be discussed in this paper. In particular, a method will be introduced that provides n-type and p-type field-effect transistors without altering the device design. Assembling these field-effect transistors, complementary inverters can be realized.

Design of printed circuits becomes an increasingly important research field as applications of this emerging technology come into sight. However, significant demand of research and development exists because new technology-related requirements apply as well as new opportunities evolve. We illustrate recent progress and future developments in terms of device modelling, circuit design and simulation as well as circuitry concepts using practical examples. Zusammenfassung Das Design gedruckter Schaltungen wird zu einem zunehmend wichtigen Forschungsfeld in dem Maße, in dem Anwendungen der gedruckten Elektronik entstehen. Jedoch besteht noch erheblicher Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbedarf, da sich sowohl neue Anforderungen als auch neue Möglichkeiten aus der neuen Technologie ergeben. Wir illustrieren jüngste Fortschritte und zukünftige Entwicklungen anhand praktischer Beispiele.

New developments in electronics as simple mass printed electronics enable the implementation of computing systems at or even in objects – an application that was not economically nor technical feasible before. This paper investigates principle conditions when integrating Smart Objects seamlessly into existing IT infrastructures. We also report on problems when connecting Smart Objects to IT-Systems. Based on an implemented system, we show innovative solutions to approach this problem, namely the use of active interfaces and push of business logic to Smart Objects. The approach uses multiple Smart Objects that collaborate to perform a task. It can therefore be seen as a blue print of integrating future tiny computing systems based on printed electronics into IT infrastructures.

In the present article, the application of virtual reality in factory and plant engineering is described. For this purpose, a procedural model developed at the Institute for Plant Engineering and Fatigue Analysis at Clausthal University of Technology is applied. In conclusion, the observed shifts in model utilization intensity as well as the effort and expense of model designing are described and interpreted for the application of the new procedural model in practical projects.

The idea of virtual commissioning is being transferred from machine tools to material flow intensive manufacturing plants. It shows that the material flow is a key component for the significance of the simulation. Based on the CAD model a reduced geometry model is enhanced by a physical and kinematic model. This model is the input for the simulation. The practicability is shown on the basis of a simple but close to reality example of a part of a manufacturing plant.

The reconstruction of 3D fragmented objects (3D-puzzle-problem) is a highly relevant task with many applications. The field of applications comprises archaeology (reconstruction of broken artefacts), surgery (fracture reduction), bioinformatics (proteindocking) and robotics (assemblage of components). This work provides an overview of the approaches and results of the thesis “Das 3D-Puzzle-Problem”, which considers the whole processing chain, starting from data acquisition, the general registration of surfaces, up to special applications. In this context, novel and efficient approaches will be introduced. They automatically assemble fragments without any knowledge of an initial pose and are highly robust against measurement inaccuracies, material deterioration and noise. Furthermore, it is shown how a priori knowledge of the broken objects, like mirror symmetries and axes, can be used to reconstruct broken femora (thigh bones) and pelvis fractures, which is an important building block for computer-assisted fracture reduction in surgery.

Die nachfolgende Abhandlung weist anhand einiger Beispiele auf offensichtliche Schwächen der heutigen Rechnerarithmetik und Programmiersprachen hin und zeigt deren Auswirkungen in der Numerik auf. Es wird dann ein Konzept angegeben, welches es erlaubt, diese Schwächen zu vermeiden. Dieses beruht auf einer neuen Definition der Rechnerarithmetik. Die neue Arithmetik wurde systematisch auf einem Kleinrechnersystem implementiert. Der Rechner verfügt über Programmpakete zur Lösung zahlreicher Probleme aus der numerischen Mathematik. Bei 12-stelliger Dezimalrechnung wird dabei die Lösung jeweils auf mindestens 11 Stellen genau in Schranken eingeschlossen. Der Rechner beweist zudem die Existenz und Eindeutigkeit der Lösung innerhalb der berechneten Schranken. Ist diese nicht gegeben, so stellt er dies fest. In computer arithmatic much progress was made during the last 15 years. The following paper tries briefly to summarize the main ideas, without going into deep mathematical detail. We try to motivate the new definition of computer arithmetic by semimorphisms by comparing it with traditional computer arithmetic and programming languages and indicating some obvious weaknesses of the latter. The impact of the new arithmetic on numerical analysis is tremendeous. The new arithmetic has been systematically implemented on a computer. A large number of very general programming packages are available for solving diverse problems of numerical analysis. In all these cases a computation with 12 decimal digits leads to a result of at least 11 guaranteed correct digits. Beyond of this the computer proves the existenance and uniqueness of the solution within the calculated bounds. If there is no unique solution (e.g. in case of a singular matrix) the computer recognizes it.