Skip to main content
Presented to you through Paradigm Publishing Services

Manchester University Press

Visit our Partner Page See all our books
Chapter
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

4 The ‘Dark Ages’ to 1066

Abstract

The slow and tortuous collapse of the Roman Empire in the west at the hands of the Germanic invaders saw the disappearance of the Roman legion as the principal instrument of warfare. We do often have less information about war and communication in the so-called Dark Ages than we do about the Roman period, with few surviving detailed descriptions of battles. Between 840 and 865, the Franks reacted ineffectively but thereafter more effective resistance was organized and the Vikings changed their tactics. Here they began to assimilate feudalism and Christianity, invaded England in 1066, and moved south into France and southern Italy. Armed with their unique double-handed axe and with weapons stolen from their enemies, the pagan Vikings terrorized Europe militarily and psychologically. Such was the fate of regimes which relied heavily upon terror for their power at the expense of a sustained campaign of propaganda to accompany it.

Abstract

The slow and tortuous collapse of the Roman Empire in the west at the hands of the Germanic invaders saw the disappearance of the Roman legion as the principal instrument of warfare. We do often have less information about war and communication in the so-called Dark Ages than we do about the Roman period, with few surviving detailed descriptions of battles. Between 840 and 865, the Franks reacted ineffectively but thereafter more effective resistance was organized and the Vikings changed their tactics. Here they began to assimilate feudalism and Christianity, invaded England in 1066, and moved south into France and southern Italy. Armed with their unique double-handed axe and with weapons stolen from their enemies, the pagan Vikings terrorized Europe militarily and psychologically. Such was the fate of regimes which relied heavily upon terror for their power at the expense of a sustained campaign of propaganda to accompany it.

Chapters in this book

  1. Front matter i
  2. Contents v
  3. Acknowledgements vii
  4. Preface to the New Edition viii
  5. Introduction: Looking Through a Glass Onion 1
  6. Part I Propaganda in the Ancient World
  7. 1 In the Beginning … 19
  8. 2 Ancient Greece 25
  9. 3 The Glory that was Rome 35
  10. Part II Propaganda in the Middle Ages
  11. 4 The ‘Dark Ages’ to 1066 51
  12. 5 The Norman Conquest 62
  13. 6 The Chivalric Code 67
  14. 7 The Crusades 73
  15. 8 The Hundred Years War 81
  16. Part III Propaganda in the Age of Gunpowder and Printing
  17. 9 The Gutenberg Galaxy 87
  18. 10 Renaissance Warfare 89
  19. 11 The Reformation and the War of Religious Ideas 97
  20. 12 Tudor Propaganda 102
  21. 13 The Thirty Years War (1618-48) 109
  22. 14 The English Civil War (1642-6) 117
  23. 15 Louis XIV (1661-1715) 121
  24. Part IV Propaganda in the Age of Revolutionary Warfare
  25. 16 The Press as an Agent of Liberty 129
  26. 17 The American Revolution 133
  27. 18 The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars 145
  28. 19 War and Public Opinion in the Nineteenth Century 158
  29. Part V Propaganda in the Age of Total War and Cold War
  30. 20 War and the Communications Revolution 173
  31. 21 The First World War 176
  32. 22 The Bolshevik Revolution and the War of Ideologies (1917-39) 198
  33. 23 The Second World War 208
  34. 24 Propaganda, Cold War and the Advent of the Television Age 249
  35. Part VI The New World Information Disorder
  36. 25 The Gulf War of 1991 285
  37. 26 Information-Age Conflict in the Post-Cold War Era 298
  38. 27 The World after 11 September 2001 315
  39. 28 Epilogue 320
  40. Bibliographical Essay 325
  41. Index 332
Munitions of the mind
This chapter is in the book Munitions of the mind
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781847790927.00011

Chapters in this book

  1. Front matter i
  2. Contents v
  3. Acknowledgements vii
  4. Preface to the New Edition viii
  5. Introduction: Looking Through a Glass Onion 1
  6. Part I Propaganda in the Ancient World
  7. 1 In the Beginning … 19
  8. 2 Ancient Greece 25
  9. 3 The Glory that was Rome 35
  10. Part II Propaganda in the Middle Ages
  11. 4 The ‘Dark Ages’ to 1066 51
  12. 5 The Norman Conquest 62
  13. 6 The Chivalric Code 67
  14. 7 The Crusades 73
  15. 8 The Hundred Years War 81
  16. Part III Propaganda in the Age of Gunpowder and Printing
  17. 9 The Gutenberg Galaxy 87
  18. 10 Renaissance Warfare 89
  19. 11 The Reformation and the War of Religious Ideas 97
  20. 12 Tudor Propaganda 102
  21. 13 The Thirty Years War (1618-48) 109
  22. 14 The English Civil War (1642-6) 117
  23. 15 Louis XIV (1661-1715) 121
  24. Part IV Propaganda in the Age of Revolutionary Warfare
  25. 16 The Press as an Agent of Liberty 129
  26. 17 The American Revolution 133
  27. 18 The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars 145
  28. 19 War and Public Opinion in the Nineteenth Century 158
  29. Part V Propaganda in the Age of Total War and Cold War
  30. 20 War and the Communications Revolution 173
  31. 21 The First World War 176
  32. 22 The Bolshevik Revolution and the War of Ideologies (1917-39) 198
  33. 23 The Second World War 208
  34. 24 Propaganda, Cold War and the Advent of the Television Age 249
  35. Part VI The New World Information Disorder
  36. 25 The Gulf War of 1991 285
  37. 26 Information-Age Conflict in the Post-Cold War Era 298
  38. 27 The World after 11 September 2001 315
  39. 28 Epilogue 320
  40. Bibliographical Essay 325
  41. Index 332
Downloaded on 7.5.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781847790927.00011/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button