Thirteen Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey
-
Serdar M. Degirmencioglu
Abstract
This chapter examines extreme forms of child labour in Turkey, focusing on forced labour and child trafficking. The process through which these children are made to work is revealed as closely related to child slavery. Forced labour is a long-standing practice from northwestern Turkey of parents hiring children to better-off farmers. The other, a more recent phenomenon, involves children being trafficked to big cities and forced to join criminal rings. Both forced labour and child trafficking are consequences of poverty, but the possibilities for child exploitation are enhanced by the instability and lack of monitoring associated with the internal displacement of families. While agencies are becoming aware of the problem, their response is compromised by having little understanding of the fact that forced migration underpins many of the difficulties faced by children.
Abstract
This chapter examines extreme forms of child labour in Turkey, focusing on forced labour and child trafficking. The process through which these children are made to work is revealed as closely related to child slavery. Forced labour is a long-standing practice from northwestern Turkey of parents hiring children to better-off farmers. The other, a more recent phenomenon, involves children being trafficked to big cities and forced to join criminal rings. Both forced labour and child trafficking are consequences of poverty, but the possibilities for child exploitation are enhanced by the instability and lack of monitoring associated with the internal displacement of families. While agencies are becoming aware of the problem, their response is compromised by having little understanding of the fact that forced migration underpins many of the difficulties faced by children.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
-
Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
-
Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
