Six Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective
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Aarti Kapoor
Abstract
This chapter examines ways in which child exploitation is being monitored and policed, and provides a detailed conceptual and policy analysis of the experience of the United Kingdom. It discusses the laws and common understandings of child exploitation in order to draw together some key elements of what child exploitation, as a distinct type of child abuse, consists of. This will ultimately help practitioners and policy makers in developing more consistent systems in response to this problem. Although the wider concept of exploitation is analysed here, it is accepted that this largely focuses on the fact of child trafficking, with numerous forms of child exploitation as the end purpose of trafficking, including sexual exploitation, labour exploitation/forced labour, drug trafficking/smuggling/dealing, illegal adoption, servile/forced marriage, and begging. There remain arguments about definition and boundaries, and the growth of sectional and sectoral interests does not help the process of developing coherent and clear responses. The chapter explores such contested conceptual (and political) debates by locating the UK experience in the context of international conventions, notably the Palermo Protocol.
Abstract
This chapter examines ways in which child exploitation is being monitored and policed, and provides a detailed conceptual and policy analysis of the experience of the United Kingdom. It discusses the laws and common understandings of child exploitation in order to draw together some key elements of what child exploitation, as a distinct type of child abuse, consists of. This will ultimately help practitioners and policy makers in developing more consistent systems in response to this problem. Although the wider concept of exploitation is analysed here, it is accepted that this largely focuses on the fact of child trafficking, with numerous forms of child exploitation as the end purpose of trafficking, including sexual exploitation, labour exploitation/forced labour, drug trafficking/smuggling/dealing, illegal adoption, servile/forced marriage, and begging. There remain arguments about definition and boundaries, and the growth of sectional and sectoral interests does not help the process of developing coherent and clear responses. The chapter explores such contested conceptual (and political) debates by locating the UK experience in the context of international conventions, notably the Palermo Protocol.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
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Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
-
Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
