Eighteen Child slavery in South and South East Asia
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Cecilia Flores Oebanda
Abstract
This chapter discusses child slavery in South Asia and South East Asia, focusing on the Philippines. It examines structural factors driving the existence of child slavery, and shows that child slavery is facilitated not by a lack of legislation – laws banning child labour do exist in the Philippines, for example – but by weak political will and, in many instances, poor governance or ineffectual implementation by those charged with acting on anti-slavery laws and policies. The chapter notes that internal migration and migration to other countries – the Philippines being a prominent exporter of labour – are of such a scale that child labour is seen as an almost ‘normal’ process; with agents willing to manipulate, deceive, and coerce young people, tens of thousands find themselves in situations of debt bondage or being sexually exploited (or both). It looks at the initiatives of the Visayan Forum Foundation to fight for the rights of child domestic workers in the Philippines.
Abstract
This chapter discusses child slavery in South Asia and South East Asia, focusing on the Philippines. It examines structural factors driving the existence of child slavery, and shows that child slavery is facilitated not by a lack of legislation – laws banning child labour do exist in the Philippines, for example – but by weak political will and, in many instances, poor governance or ineffectual implementation by those charged with acting on anti-slavery laws and policies. The chapter notes that internal migration and migration to other countries – the Philippines being a prominent exporter of labour – are of such a scale that child labour is seen as an almost ‘normal’ process; with agents willing to manipulate, deceive, and coerce young people, tens of thousands find themselves in situations of debt bondage or being sexually exploited (or both). It looks at the initiatives of the Visayan Forum Foundation to fight for the rights of child domestic workers in the Philippines.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
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Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
-
Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
