Five Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery
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Hans van de Glind
Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed overview of the issue of child trafficking. Although the recruitment and movement involved in trafficking may appear voluntary at first, they eventually take on aspects of coercion by third parties. Girls, as with child domestic labour, are affected disproportionately, both for commercial sexual exploitation and domestic labour, whereas boys are more likely to be trafficked for forced labour. Critically, sexual exploitation, although dominant, is by no means the only form of child trafficking. A significant number of boys are also trafficked – both internally and externally from any one country – for sexual and other forms of exploitation. The chapter reviews key treaties, protocols, and conventions from 1949 that address the problem of child trafficking. Finally, it addresses a range of interventions demonstrated to be effective in fighting child trafficking, including stronger law enforcement and stricter, less ambiguous laws, as well as labour inspection, corporate social-responsibility mechanisms, and education.
Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed overview of the issue of child trafficking. Although the recruitment and movement involved in trafficking may appear voluntary at first, they eventually take on aspects of coercion by third parties. Girls, as with child domestic labour, are affected disproportionately, both for commercial sexual exploitation and domestic labour, whereas boys are more likely to be trafficked for forced labour. Critically, sexual exploitation, although dominant, is by no means the only form of child trafficking. A significant number of boys are also trafficked – both internally and externally from any one country – for sexual and other forms of exploitation. The chapter reviews key treaties, protocols, and conventions from 1949 that address the problem of child trafficking. Finally, it addresses a range of interventions demonstrated to be effective in fighting child trafficking, including stronger law enforcement and stricter, less ambiguous laws, as well as labour inspection, corporate social-responsibility mechanisms, and education.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
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Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
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Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
-
Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
