Three Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour
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Catherine Turner
Abstract
This chapter assesses the effectiveness of the International Labour Organisation’s Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention No. 182, first by analysing outcomes of a ‘snapshot’ fieldwork study undertaken in Costa Rica, Kenya, Pakistan, and Togo. This kind of study helps to establish just how effective international protocols and conventions are in changing the situation on the ground. The chapter examines governments’ progress in implementing measures to eradicate child slavery and slavery-like practices under the Convention. It also discusses five areas critical for ending the worst forms of child labour in general and hence, by implication also, child slavery. These were harmonisation of national laws, government consultations and coordination, data gathering, civil society and the media, and child participation. Overall, the impact of the Convention at the local level in these areas was disappointing. At a structural level, the impact of poverty, natural disasters, and large-scale migration were critical in generating conditions under which child labour became a significant local phenomenon.
Abstract
This chapter assesses the effectiveness of the International Labour Organisation’s Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention No. 182, first by analysing outcomes of a ‘snapshot’ fieldwork study undertaken in Costa Rica, Kenya, Pakistan, and Togo. This kind of study helps to establish just how effective international protocols and conventions are in changing the situation on the ground. The chapter examines governments’ progress in implementing measures to eradicate child slavery and slavery-like practices under the Convention. It also discusses five areas critical for ending the worst forms of child labour in general and hence, by implication also, child slavery. These were harmonisation of national laws, government consultations and coordination, data gathering, civil society and the media, and child participation. Overall, the impact of the Convention at the local level in these areas was disappointing. At a structural level, the impact of poverty, natural disasters, and large-scale migration were critical in generating conditions under which child labour became a significant local phenomenon.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
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Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements and dedication vii
- Notes on contributors viii
- List of abbreviations xiii
- List of boxes, figures, tables and photos xv
- Introduction: Child slavery worldwide 1
-
Strategic overviews
- Child slavery today 21
- Constructing the international legal framework 43
- Just out of reach: the challenges of ending the worst forms of child labour 61
- Child domestic labour: a global concern 81
- Child trafficking: a modern form of slavery 99
- Clarity and consistency in understanding child exploitation: a UK perspective 117
- A human rights approach to preventing child sex trafficking 133
- Child rights, culture and exploitation: UK experiences of child trafficking 145
-
Themes, issues and case studies
- Preventing child trafficking in India: the role of education 163
- Birth registration: a tool for prevention, protection and prosecution 175
- ‘Bienvenue chez les grands!’: young migrant cigarette vendors in Marseille 189
- Child domestic labour: fostering in transition? 203
- Extreme forms of child labour in Turkey 215
- Haliya and kamaiya bonded child labourers in Nepal 227
- Sex trafficking in Nepal 243
- The role of the arts in resisting recruitment as child soldiers and ‘wives’: experience from Uganda and Nepal 257
- International adoption and child trafficking in Ecuador 271
- Child slavery in South and South East Asia 285
- Routes to child slavery in Central America 297
- Resources 307
- The end of child slavery? 317
- Index 327
