Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Frontmatter i
2. General Editor's Preface v
3. Preface vii
4. Contents xi
5. CHAPTER I. New Windows on the Universe
6. On the Application of Interference Methods to Astronomical Measurements 2
7. 2. A Test of a New Type of Stellar Interferometer on Sirius 8
8. 3. Concerning Observations of Penetrating Radiation on Seven Free Balloon Flights 13
9. 4. The Possibilities of Large Telescopes 21
10. 5. A Rapid Coma-Free Mirror System 27
11. 6. On the Discovery of Extraterrestrial Radio Waves 30
12. 7. Searching for Interstellar Communications 36
13. 8. The Photoelectric Photometry of the Stars 39
14. 9. The First Results Obtained from Photographs of the Invisible Side of the Moon 53
15. 10. X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Observations of the Sun 56
16. 11. Evidence for X-Rays from Sources outside the Solar System 62
17. 12. Infrared Observations of the Galactic Center 67
18. 13. Interstellar Deuterium Abundance in the Direction of Beta Centauri 75
19. CHAPTER II. The Solar System
20. 14. The Moon's Face: A Study of the Origin of Its Features 80
21. 15. Of Atmospheres upon Planets and Satellites 88
22. 16. On the Probable Existence of a Magnetic Field in Sun-Spots 96
23. 17. How Could a Rotating Body such as the Sun Become a Magnet? 106
24. 18. Polarization of the Moon and of the Planets Mars and Mercury 108
25. 19. The Theory of Continental Drift 111
26. 20. The Spectra of Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn under High Dispersion 117
27. 21. The Mystery of Coronium and the Million-Degree Solar Corona 120
28. 22. Corpuscular Influences upon the Upper Atmosphere 125
29. 23. The Origin and Nature of Comets 132
30. 24. Observations of a Variable Radio Source Associated with the Planet Jupiter 143
31. 25. Solar Corpuscular Radiation and the Interplanetary Gas 147
32. 26. Radiation Observations with Satellite 1958ε 149
33. 27. The Hot Surface Temperature of Venus 152
34. 28. Radar Determinations of the Rotations of Venus and Mercury 160
35. 29. Mars as Viewed from Mariner 9 167
36. 30. The Moon after Apollo 177
37. 31. The Encounter Theories of the Origin of the Solar System 182
38. 32. The Nebular Theory of the Origin of the Solar System 192
39. 33. A Production of Amino Acids under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions 203
40. CHAPTER III. Stellar Atmospheres and Stellar Spectra
41. 34. On the Radiation of Stars 208
42. 35. Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of Stars 212
43. 36. Some Spectral Criteria for the Determination of Absolute Stellar Magnitudes 221
44. 37. On the Radiative Equilibrium of Stars 225
45. 38. Ionization in the Solar Chromosphere 236
46. 39. The Abundances of the Chemical Elements in Stellar Atmospheres 243
47. 40. On the Rotation of Stars 254
48. 41. Intensity Measurement of the Fraunhofer Lines in the Wavelength Region 5,150 to 5,270 Å 259
49. 42. Electron Affinity in Astrophysics 264
50. 43. The Quantitative Analysis of the BO-Star τ Scorpii, Part II 268
51. CHAPTER IV Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis
52. 44. The Equivalence of Mass and Energy 276
53. 45. The Internal Constitution of the Stars 281
54. 46. The Mass-Luminosity Relation for Stars 291
55. 47. Atomic Synthesis and Stellar Energy I, II 303
56. 48. Element Transformation inside Stars. II 309
57. 49. Energy Production in Stars 320
58. 50. Nuclear Reactions in Stellar Evolution 339
59. 51. Stellar Structure, Source of Energy, and Evolution 342
60. 52. Nuclear Reactions in Stars without Hydrogen 349
61. 53. Inhomogeneous Stellar Models II: Models with Exhausted Cores in Gravitational Contraction 353
62. 54. Studies of Young Clusters and Stellar Evolution in the Early Phases of Gravitational Contraction 364
63. 55. Synthesis of the Elements in Stars 374
64. 56. Neutrinos from the Sun 389
65. CHAPTER V. Variable Stars and Dying Stars
66. 57. Periods of Twenty-five Variable Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud 398
67. 58. On the Pulsations of a Gaseous Star and the Problem of the Cepheid Variables 401
68. 59. Τ Tauri Variable Stars 410
69. 60. Binary Stars among Cataclysmic Variables III : Ten Old Novae 421
70. 61. The Discovery of White Dwarf Stars 430
71. 62. On Dense Stars 433
72. 63. Neutrino Theory of Stellar Collapse 440
73. 64. Discovery of Circularly Polarized Light from a White Dwarf Star 447
74. 65. On the Gravitational Field of a Point Mass according to the Einsteinian Theory 451
75. 66. On the Theory of Stars 456
76. 67. The Discovery of a Candidate Black Hole 460
77. 68. Novae or Temporary Stars 466
78. 69. On the Possible Existence of Neutron Stars 469
79. 70. Spectra of Supernovae 478
80. 71. The Crab Nebula 481
81. 72. On the Nature of the Luminescence of the Crab Nebula 488
82. 73. Energy Emission from a Neutron Star 494
83. 74. Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source 498
84. 75. Rotating Neutron Stars as the Origin of the Pulsating Radio Sources 505
85. CHAPTER VI. The Distribution of Stars and the Space between Them
86. 76. Investigations of the Spectrum and Orbit of Delta Orionis 510
87. 77. Star Streaming 514
88. 78. The Kinetic Energy of a Star Cluster 520
89. 79. The Scale of the Universe 523
90. 80. First Attempt at a Theory of the Arrangement and Motion of the Sidereal System 542
91. 81. Star-Streaming and the Structure of the Stellar System 550
92. 82. Observational Evidence for the Rotation of Our Galaxy 554
93. 83. On the Dark Nebula NGC 6960 566
94. 84. The Source of Luminosity of Gaseous Nebulae 572
95. 85. The Origin of the Nebular Lines and the Structure of the Planetary Nebulae 581
96. 86. The Physical State of Interstellar Hydrogen 588
97. 87. Preliminary Results on the Distances, Dimensions, and Space Distribution of Open Star Clusters 593
98. 88. The Solid Particles of Interstellar Space 605
99. 89. The Polarization of Starlight 613
100. 90. The Temperature of Interstellar Matter 617
101. 91. Radio Waves from Space : Origin of Radiowaves 627
102. 92. The Radio Frequency Detection of Interstellar Hydrogen 633
103. 93. Some Features of Galactic Structure in the Neighborhood of the Sun 638
104. 94. The Galactic System as a Spiral Nebula 643
105. 95. Density Waves in Disk Galaxies 652
106. 96. The Discovery of Protostars (?) 656
107. 97. Radio Observations of OH in the Interstellar Medium 666
108. 98. Galactic Magnetic Fields and the Origin of Cosmic Radiation 671
109. 99. Cosmic Rays and Radio Emission from Our Galaxy 677
110. 100. Expanding Stellar Associations and the Origin of the Runaway O and Β Stars 685
111. CHAPTER VII. Normal Galaxies, Radio Galaxies, and Quasars
112. 101. Novae in Spiral Nebulae 698
113. 102. A Spectrographic Investigation of Spiral Nebulae 704
114. 103. Modern Theories of the Spiral Nebulae 708
115. 104. Cepheids in Spiral Nebulae 713
116. 105. Extra-Galactic Nebulae 716
117. 106. A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae 725
118. 107. On the Masses of Nebulae and of Clusters of Nebulae 729
119. 108. Nuclear Emission in Spiral Nebulae 738
120. 109. The Resolution of Messier 32, NGC 205, and the Central Region of the Andromeda Nebula 744
121. 110. A Revision of the Extra-Galactic Distance Scale 750
122. 111. Redshifts and Magnitudes of Extra-Galactic Nebulae 753
123. 112. On the Evolution of Galaxies 763
124. 113. Fluctuations in Cosmic Radiation at Radio Frequencies 774
125. 114. Positions of Three Discrete Sources of Galactic Radio-Frequency Radiation 777
126. 115. Cosmic Radiation and Radio Stars 779
127. 116. The Origin of Cosmic Radio Noise 782
128. 117. Identification of the Radio Sources in Cassiopeia, Cygnus A, and Puppis A 786
129. 118. The Nature of Cosmic Radio Sources 792
130. 119. First True Radio Star? 801
131. 120. The Discovery of Quasars 803
132. 121. The Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources 3C 48 and 3C 273 811
133. CHAPTER VIII. Relativity and Cosmology
134. 122. Explanation of the Perihelion Motion of Mercury by Means of the General Theory of Relativity 820
135. 123. A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun's Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at the Total Eclipse of May 29, 1919 826
136. 124. Fourth Test of General Relativity: New Radar Result 833
137. 125. On the Curvature of Space 838
138. 126. A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Increasing Radius accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extra-Galactic Nebulae 844
139. 127. On the Relation between the Expansion and the Mean Density of the Universe 849
140. 128. The Cosmical Constants 851
141. 129. The Steady-State Theory of the Expanding Universe 853
142. 130. The Origin of Chemical Elements 864
143. 131. The Evolution and Physics of the Expanding Universe 866
144. 132. A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 MHz 873
145. Indexes
146. Author Index 879
147. Subject Index 889